agency which created the condition was bound by all law and precedent to see that those conditions were maintained in their entirety.  It could not evade the issue except at the expense of dignity, consistency and humanity.  There was but one honorable course to pursue.  Any other would be a horrible abandonment of principle.  If it were powerful to create, to make free men and citizens, it must, manifestly, be powerful to insure the enjoyment of the freedom conferred, and protect the inviolability of the franchise granted.  Any other conclusion would make government a by-word and a scoffing to the nations; any other conclusion would make its conferring of freedom and citizenship absurd in the extreme, a mere trick of the demagogue to ease the popular conscience.  To do such a thing would sink a decent government lower in the estimation of the world than the miserable apology of government represented by the Khedive of Egypt.

No patriotic American would admit to himself, or to a foreigner, that the United States Government, through its accredited representatives in Congress, possessed constitutional power to confer a benefit and did not possess power to make that benefit available; to contract an obligation, pecuniary or other, which it had not inherent power to liquidate.  The validity of a contract, as a matter of fact, depends upon the ability of the parties to enter into it, for no court can enforce a contract when it is shown that the principals to it had not legal right to make it or to fulfill the conditions of it.  It is accepted as a surety of power to observe the conditions when a sovereign government makes itself a party to a contract.  The people are bound by their agents, to whom they delegate authority.  Nothing is regarded in a more obnoxious light than the repudiation of their honest debts by sovereign States.  It is regarded in financial circles as the crime of all crimes the blackest.  The credit of the State is reduced to a song, and moneyed men shun it as they would a rattlesnake.  The State and its people are held up as monsters of depravity.  It matters not how unjust the debt, how poor the people; the mere fact that they repudiate an obligation which they entered into in good faith is sufficient to destroy their credit in New York or London and make them the target of every virtuous newspaper which voices the sentiment of the class that deals in “futures” and “corners.”  As an illustration, take the State of Virginia.  The people of that State contracted large debts to aid and abet the cause of the so-called Confederate Government, a thing which crystallized around the question:  “Have the Sovereign States absolute, undivided authority to regulate their own internal concerns, slave and other, or is this authority vested in the Federal or National Government?” When the people of Virginia contracted those large debts, drawing upon her future resources, and placing burdens upon men yet unborn, to propagate theories at variance with