FOOTNOTES: 

[29] Acrelius’s History, p. 21.

[30] “When he now beheld that the cause of Protestantism was menaced more seriously than ever throughout the whole of Germany, he took the decisive step, and, formally declaring war against the emperor, he, on the 24th of June, 1630, landed on the coast of Pomerania with fifteen thousand Swedes.  As soon as he stepped upon shore he dropped on his knees in prayer, while his example was followed by his whole army.  Truly he had undertaken, with but small and limited means, a great and mighty enterprise.”  “The Swedes, so steady and strict in their discipline, appeared as protecting angels, and as the king advanced the belief spread far and near throughout the land that he was sent from heaven as its preserver.”—­History of Germany, by Kohlrausch, pp. 328, 329.

“Bavaria and the Tyrol excepted, every province throughout Germany had battled for liberty of conscience, and yet the whole of Germany, notwithstanding her universal inclination for the Reformation, had been deceived in her hopes:  a second Imperial edict seemed likely to crush the few remaining privileges spared by the edict of restitution....  Gustavus, urged by his sincere piety, resolved to take up arms in defence of Protestantism and to free Germany from the yoke imposed by the Jesuits.”—­Menzel’s History of Germany, vol. ii. pp. 345, 346.

“The party of the Catholics were carrying all before them, and everything seemed to promise that Ferdinand (the Roman Catholic emperor) would become absolute through the whole of Germany, and succeed in that scheme which he seemed to meditate, of entirely abolishing the Protestant religion in the empire.  But this miserable prospect, both of political and religious thraldom, was dissolved by the great Gustavus Adolphus being invited by the Protestant princes of Germany to espouse the cause of the Reformed religion, being himself of that persuasion.”—­Tytler’s Univ.  Hist., vol. ii. p. 451.

[31] The death of Gustavus Adolphus is thus described by Kohlrausch:  “The king spent the cold autumnal night in his carriage, and advised with his generals about the battle.  The morning dawned, and a thick fog covered the entire plain; the troops were drawn up in battle-array, and the Swedes sang, accompanied with trumpets and drums, Luther’s hymn, Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott (’A mighty fortress is our God’), together with the hymn composed by the king himself, Verzage nicht, du Haeuflein klein (’Fear not the foe, thou little flock’).  Just after eleven o’clock, when the sun was emerging from behind the clouds, and after a short prayer, the king mounted his horse, placed himself at the head of the right wing—­the left being commanded by Bernard of Weimar—­and cried, ’Now, onward!  May our God direct us!—­Lord, Lord! help me this day to fight for the glory of thy name!’ and, throwing away his cuirass with the words, ’God is my shield!’ he led his troops to the front of the Imperialists, who were well entrenched on the paved road which leads from Luetzen to Leipsic, and stationed in the deep trenches on either side.  A deadly cannonade saluted the Swedes, and many here met their death; but their places were filled by others, who leaped over the trench, and the troops of Wallenstein retreated.