These anthropological opinions are fully borne out by those scientific archaeologists who have done most in the way of exploring the tombs and other remains of the early Anglo-Saxon invaders.  Professor Rolleston, who has probably examined more skulls of this period than any other investigator, sums up his consideration of those obtained from Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon interments by saying, “I should be inclined to think that wholesale massacres of the conquered Romano-Britons were rare, and that wholesale importations of Anglo-Saxon women were not much more frequent.”  He points out that “we have anatomical evidence for saying that two or more distinct varieties of men existed in England both previously to and during the period of the Teutonic invasion and domination.”  The interments show us that the races which inhabited Britain before the English conquest continued in part to inhabit it after that conquest.  The dolichocephali, or long-skulled type of men, who, in part, preceded the English, “have been found abundantly in the Suffolk region of the Littus Saxonicum, where the Celt and Saxon [Englishman] are not known to have met as enemies when East Anglia became a kingdom.”  Thus we see that just where people of the dark type occur abundantly at the present day, skulls of the corresponding sort are met with abundantly in interments of the Anglo-Saxon period.  Similarly, Mr. Akerman, after explorations in tombs, observes, “The total expulsion or extinction of the Romano-British population by the invaders will scarcely be insisted upon in this age of enquiry.”  Nay, even in Teutonic Kent, Jute and Briton still lie side by side in the same sepulchres.  Most modern Englishmen have somewhat long rather than round skulls.  The evidence of archaeology supports the evidence of anthropology in favour of the belief that some, at least, of the native Britons were spared by the invading host.

On the other hand, against these unequivocal testimonies of modern research we have to set the testimony of the early historical authorities, on which the Teutonic theory mainly relies.  The authorities in question are three, Gildas, Baeda, and the English Chronicle.  Gildas was, or professes to be, a British monk, who wrote in the very midst of the English conquest, when the invaders were still confined, for the most part, to the south-eastern region.  Objections have been raised to the authenticity of his work, a small rhetorical Latin pamphlet, entitled, “The History of the Britons;” but these objections have, perhaps, been set at rest for many minds by Dr. Guest and Mr. Green.  Nevertheless, what little Gildas has to tell us is of slight historical importance.  His book is a disappointing Jeremiad, couched in the florid and inflated Latin rhetoric so common during the decadence of the Roman empire, intermingled with a strong flavour of hyperbolical Celtic imagination; and it teaches us practically nothing as to the state of the conquered districts.  It is wholly occupied with fierce diatribes