to do it, appeared to the executive, and to those whom they consulted, as much against the laws of the land, as to murder or rob, or combine to murder or rob its own citizens; and as much to require punishment, if done within their limits, where they have a territorial jurisdiction, or on the high seas, where they have a personal jurisdiction, that is to say, one which reaches their own citizens only, this being an appropriate part of each nation on an element where all have a common jurisdiction.  So say our laws, as we understand them ourselves.  To them the appeal is made; and whether we have construed them well or ill, the constitutional judges will decide.  Till that decision shall be obtained, the government of the United States must pursue what they think right with firmness, as is their duty.  On the first attempt that was made, the President was desirous of involving in the censures of the law as few as might be.  Such of the individuals only, therefore, as were citizens of the United States, were singled out for prosecution.  But this second attempt being after full knowledge of what had been done on the first, and indicating a disposition to go on in opposition to the laws, they are to take their course against all persons concerned, whether citizens or aliens; the latter, while within our jurisdiction and enjoying the protection of the laws, being bound to obedience to them, and to avoid disturbances of our peace within, or acts which would commit it without, equally as citizens are.

I have the honor to be, with sentiments of great respect, and esteem, Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant,

Th:  Jefferson.

LETTER CLVIII.—­TO MR. HAMMOND, June 19, 1793

TO MR. HAMMOND.

Philadelphia, June 19, 1793.

Sir,

I had the honor to address you a letter on the 29th of May was twelvemonth, on the articles still unexecuted of the treaty of peace between the two nations.  The subject was extensive and important, and therefore rendered a certain degree of delay in the reply to be expected.  But it has now become such as naturally to generate disquietude.  The interest we have in the western posts, the blood and treasure which their detention costs us daily, cannot but produce a corresponding anxiety on our part.  Permit me, therefore, to ask when I may expect the honor of a reply to my letter, and to assure you of the sentiments of respect, with which I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient and most humble servant,

Th:  Jefferson.

LETTER CLIX.—­TO MESSRS.  CARMICHAEL AND SHORT, June 30, 1793

TO MESSRS.  CARMICHAEL AND SHORT.

Philadelphia, June 30, 1793.

Gentlemen,