M. de Lamoignon, the Garde des Sceaux of the last year, has shot himself.  The Emperor’s complaint is pulmonary, and incurable.  The Grand Seignior is dead; his successor, young and warlike.  I congratulate you sincerely on the success of your bridge.  I was sure of it before from theory:  yet one likes to be assured from practice also.  I am anxious to see how Mr. Rumsey’s experiment succeeds.

May the 21st.  I have this moment received a letter from Ledyard, dated Cairo, November the 15th.  He therein says, ’I am doing up my baggage, and most curious baggage it is, and I leave Cairo in two or three days.  I travel from hence southwest, about three hundred leagues, to a black King:  there my present conductors leave me to my fate.  Beyond, I suppose, I go alone.  I expect to hit the continent across, between the parallels of twelve and twenty degrees north latitude.  I shall, if possible, write you from the kingdom of this black gentleman.’  This seems to contradict the story of his having died at Cairo, in January, as he was then, probably, in the interior parts of Africa.  If Sir Joseph Banks has no news from him later than the letter of September, it may do him pleasure, if you will communicate the above.  If he or any other person knows whether there is any foundation for the story of his death, I will thank you to inform me of it.  My letter being to go off to-morrow, I shall only add assurances of the esteem and respect, with which I am, Dear Sir, your friend and servant,

Th:  Jefferson.

LETTER CCIV.—­TO MONSIEUR DE ST. ETIENNE, June 3, 1789

TO MONSIEUR DE ST. ETIENNE.

Paris, June 3, 1789.

Sir,

After you quitted us yesterday evening, we continued our conversation (Monsieur de la Fayette, Mr. Short, and myself) on the subject of the difficulties which environ you.  The desirable object being to secure the good which the King has offered, and to avoid the ill which seems to threaten, an idea was suggested, which appearing to make an impression on Monsieur de la Fayette, I was encouraged to pursue it on my return to Paris, to put it into form, and now to send it to you and him.  It is this; that the King, in a seance royale, should come forward with a Charter of Rights in his hand, to be signed by himself and by every member of the three orders.  This charter to contain the five great points which the Resultat of December offered on the part of the King; the abolition of pecuniary privileges offered by the privileged orders, and the adoption of the national debt, and a grant of the sum of money asked from the nation.  This last will be a cheap price for the preceding articles; and let the same act declare your immediate separation till the next anniversary meeting.  You will carry back to your constituents more good than ever was effected before without violence, and you will stop exactly at the point where violence