the price of bread, became afterwards political, and
ended in the loss of four or five lives. The
assembly of the States General begins the 27th of
April. The representation of the people will be
perfect. But they will be alloyed by an equal
number of nobility and clergy. The first great
question they will have to decide, will be, whether
they shall vote by orders or persons. And I have
hopes, that the majority of the Nobles are already
disposed to join the Tiers-Etat, in deciding
that the vote shall be by persons. This is the
opinion a la mode at present, and mode has
acted a wonderful part in the present instance.
All the handsome young women, for example, are for
the Tiers-Etat and this is an army more powerful
in France, than the two hundred thousand men of the
King. Add to this, that the court itself is for
the Tiers-Etat, as the only agent which can
relieve their wants: not by giving money themselves
(they are squeezed to the last drop), but by pressing
it from the non-contributing orders. The King
stands engaged to pretend no more to the power of
laying, continuing, or appropriating taxes; to call
the States General periodically; to submit lettres
de cachet to legal restrictions; to consent to
freedom of the press; and that all this shall be fixed
by a fundamental constitution, which shall bind his
successors. He has not offered a participation
in the legislature, but it will surely be insisted
on. The public mind is so ripened on all these
subjects, that there seems to be now but one opinion.
The clergy, indeed, think separately, and the old men
among the Nobles: but their voice is suppressed
by the general one of the nation. The writings
published on this occasion are, some of them, very
valuable; because, unfettered by the prejudices under
which the English labor, they give a full scope to
reason, and strike out truths, as yet unperceived
and unacknowledged on the other side the channel.
An Englishman, dozing under a kind of half reformation,
is not excited to think by such gross absurdities
as stare a Frenchman in the face, wherever he looks,
whether it be towards the throne or the altar.
In fine, I believe this nation will, in the course
of the present year, have as full a portion of liberty
dealt out to them, as the nation can bear at present,
considering how uninformed the mass of their people
is. This circumstance will prevent the immediate
establishment of the trial by jury. The palsied
state of the executive in England is a fortunate circumstance
for France, as it will give her time to arrange her
affairs internally. The consolidation and funding
their debts, will give government a credit which will
enable them to do what they please. For the present
year the war will be confined to the two empires and
Denmark, against Turkey and Sweden. It is not
yet evident, whether Prussia will be engaged.
If the disturbances of Poland break out into overt
acts, it will be a power divided in itself, and so