But I am much farther from that of the anti-federalists.
I approved, from the first moment, of the great mass
of what is in the new constitution; the consolidation
of the government; the organization into executive,
legislative, and judiciary; the subdivision of the
legislative; the happy compromise of interests between
the great and little States, by the different manner
of voting in the different Houses; the voting by persons
instead of States; the qualified negative on laws
given to the executive, which, however, I should have
liked better if associated with the judiciary also,
as in New York; and the power of taxation. I
thought at first that the latter might have been limited.
A little reflection soon convinced me it ought not
to be. What I disapproved from the first moment,
also, was the want of a bill of rights, to guard liberty
against the legislative as well as executive branches
of the government; that is to say, to secure freedom
in religion, freedom of the press, freedom from monopolies,
freedom from unlawful imprisonment, freedom from a
permanent military, and a trial by jury, in all cases
determinable by the laws of the land. I disapproved,
also, the perpetual re-eligibility of the President.
To these points of disapprobation I adhere. My
first wish was, that the nine first conventions might
accept the constitution, as the means of securing to
us the great mass of good it contained, and that the
four last might reject it, as the means of obtaining
amendments. But I was corrected in this wish,
the moment I saw the much better plan of Massachusetts,
and which had never occurred to me. With respect
to the declaration of rights, I suppose the majority
of the United States are of my opinion: for I
apprehend all the anti-federalists, and a very respectable
proportion of the federalists, think that such a declaration
should now be annexed. The enlightened part of
Europe have given us the greatest credit for inventing
this instrument of security for the rights of the
people, and have been not a little surprised to see
us so soon give it up. With respect to the re-eligibility
of the President, I find myself differing from the
majority of my countrymen; for I think there are but
three States of the eleven which have desired an alteration
of this. And, indeed, since the thing is established,
I would wish it not to be altered during the life
of our great leader, whose executive talents are superior
to those, I believe, of any man in the world, and who,
alone, by the authority of his name, and the confidence
reposed in his perfect integrity, is fully qualified
to put the new government so under way, as to secure
it against the efforts of opposition. But having
derived from our error all the good there was in it,
I hope we shall correct it, the moment we can no longer
have the same name at the helm.