beyond the mountains will make the people happiest, we must still ask, whether they will be contented to be laid off into large States.  They certainly will not:  and if they decide to divide themselves, we are not able to restrain them.  They will end by separating from our confederacy, and becoming its enemies.  We had better then look forward, and see what will be the probable course of things.  This will surely be a division of that country into States, of a small, or, at most, of a moderate size.  If we lay them off into such, they will acquiesce; and we shall have the advantage of arranging them, so as to produce the best combinations of interest.  What Congress have already done in this matter, is an argument the more, in favor of the revolt of those States against a different arrangement, and of their acquiescence under a continuance of that.  Upon this plan, we treat them as fellow-citizens; they will have a just share in their own government; they will love us, and pride themselves in an union with us.  Upon the other, we treat them as subjects; we govern them, and not they themselves; they will abhor us as masters, and break off from us in defiance.  I confess to you, that I can see no other turn that these two plans would take.  But I respect your opinion, and your knowledge of the country, too much, to be over-confident in my own.

I thank you sincerely for your communication, that my not having sooner given notice of the Arrets relative to fish, gave discontent to some persons.  These are the most friendly offices you can do me, because they enable me to justify myself, if I am right, or correct myself, if wrong.  If those who thought I might have been remiss, would have written to me on the subject, I should have admired them for their candor, and thanked them for it:  for I have no jealousies nor resentments at things of this kind, where I have no reason to believe they have been excited by a hostile spirit; and I suspect no such spirit in a single member of Congress.  You know there were two Arrets; the first of August the 30th, 1784, the second of the 18th and 25th of September, 1785.  As to the first, it would be a sufficient justification of myself, to say, that it was in the time of my predecessor, nine months before I came into office, and that there was no more reason for my giving information of it, when I did come into office, than of all the other transactions, which preceded that period.  But this would seem to lay a blame on Dr. Franklin for not communicating it, which I am confident he did not deserve.  This government affects a secrecy in all its transactions whatsoever, though they be of a nature not to admit a perfect secrecy.  Their Arrets respecting the islands go to those islands, and are unpublished and unknown in France, except in the bureau where they are formed.  That of August, 1784, would probably be communicated to the merchants of the seaport towns also.  But Paris having no commercial connections