being pressed.  I beg the favor of you, gentlemen, to assure the corporation, that no endeavors of mine should have been spared, could they have effected their wish:  and that they have been faithfully used in making the preliminary inquiries which are necessary, and which ended in an assurance, that nothing could be done.  These papers having been transmitted to me through your delegation, will, I hope, be an apology for my availing myself of the same channel for communicating the result.

I have the honor to be, with sentiments of the most perfect esteem and respect, Gentlemen, your most obedient and most humble servant,

Th:  Jefferson.

LETTER LXX.—­TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN, July 23, 1787

TO THE COUNT DE MONTMORIN.

Paris, July 23, 1787.

Sir,

I had the honor, a few days ago, of putting into the hands of your Excellency, some observations on the other articles of American produce, brought into the ports of this country.  That of our tobaccos, from the particular form of their administration here, and their importance to the King’s revenues, has been placed on a separate line, and considered separately.  I will now ask permission to bring that subject under your consideration.

The mutual extension of their commerce was among the fairest advantages to be derived to France and the United States, from the independence of the latter.  An exportation of eighty millions, chiefly in raw materials, is supposed to constitute the present limits of the commerce of the United States with the nations of Europe; limits, however, which extend as their population increases.  To draw the best proportion of this into the ports of France, rather than of any other nation, is believed to be the wish and interest of both.  Of these eighty millions, thirty are constituted by the single article of tobacco.  Could the whole of this be brought into the ports of France, to satisfy its own demands, and the residue to be re-vended to other nations, it would be a powerful link of commercial connection.  But we are far from this.  Even her own consumption, supposed to be nine millions, under the administration of the monopoly to which it is farmed, enters little, as an article of exchange, into the commerce of the two nations.  When this article was first put into Farm, perhaps it did not injure the commercial interests of the kingdom; because nothing but British manufactures were then allowed to be given in return for American tobaccos.  The laying the trade open, then, to all the subjects of France, could not have relieved her from a payment in money.  Circumstances are changed; yet the old institution remains.  The body to which this monopoly was given, was not mercantile.  Their object is to simplify, as much as possible, the administration of their affairs.  They sell for cash; they purchase, therefore, with cash.  Their interest, their principles,