leagues.  The country within that amphitheatre is a mixture of small hills, vallies, and plains.  The latter are naturally rich.  The hills and vallies are forced into production.  Looking from the Chateau de Notre Dame de la Garde, it would seem as if there was a bastide for every arpent.  The plain-lands sell for one hundred louis the carterelle, which is less than an acre.  The ground of the arsenal in Marseilles sold for from fifteen to forty louis the square verge, being nearly the square yard English.  In the fields open to the sea, they are obliged to plant rows of canes, every here and there, to break the force of the wind.  Saw at the Chateau Borelli pumps worked by the wind.

April 6.  From Marseilles to Aubagne.  A valley on the Veaune, bordered on each side by high mountains of massive rock, on which are only some small pines.  The interjacent valley is of small hills, vallies, and plains, reddish, gravelly, and originally poor, but fertilized by art, and covered with corn, vines, olives, figs, almonds, mulberries, lucerne, and clover.  The river is twelve or fifteen feet wide, one or two feet deep, and rapid.

From Aubagne to Cuges, Beausset, Toulon.  The road, quitting the Veaune and its wealthy valley, a little after Aubagne, enters those mountains of rock, and is engaged with them about a dozen miles.  Then it passes six or eight miles through a country still very hilly and stony, but laid up in terraces, covered with olives, vines, and corn.  It then follows for two or three miles a hollow between two of those high mountains, which has been, found or made by a small stream.  The mountains then reclining a little from their perpendicular, and presenting a coat of soil, reddish, and tolerably good, have given place to the little village of Olioules, in the gardens of which are oranges in the open ground.  It continues hilly till we enter the plain of Toulon.  On different parts of this road there are figs in the open fields.  At Cuges is a plain of about three fourths of a mile diameter, surrounded by high mountains of rock.  In this the caper is principally cultivated.  The soil is mulatto, gravelly, and of middling quality, or rather indifferent.  The plants are set in quincunx, about eight feet apart.  They have been covered during winter by a hill of earth a foot high.  They are now enclosing, pruning, and ploughing them.

Toulon.  From Olioules to Toulon the figs are in the open fields.  Some of them have stems of fifteen inches diameter.  They generally fork near the ground, but sometimes have a single stem of five feet long.  They are as large as apricot trees.  The olive trees of this day’s journey are about the size of large apple trees.  The people are in separate establishments.  Toulon is in a valley at the mouth of the Goutier, a little river of the size of the Veaune; surrounded by high mountains of naked rock, leaving some space between them and