The people met generally, with anxiety and alarm in
their countenances, and the effect of the day, through
the whole colony, was like a shock of electricity,
arousing every man and placing him erect and solidly
on his centre. They chose, universally, delegates
for the convention. Being elected one for my
own county, I prepared a draught of instructions to
be given to the delegates whom we should send to the
Congress, which I meant to propose at our meeting.
[See Appendix, note C.] In this I took the ground that,
from the beginning, I had thought the only one orthodox
or tenable, which was, that the relation between Great
Britain and these colonies was exactly the same as
that of England and Scotland, after the accession
of James and until the union, and the same as her present
relations with Hanover, having the same executive chief,
but no other necessary political connection; and that
our emigration from England to this country gave her
no more rights over us, than the emigrations of the
Danes and Saxons gave to the present authorities of
the mother country, over England. In this doctrine,
however, I had never been able to get any one to agree
with me but Mr. Wythe. He concurred in it from
the first dawn of the question, What was the political
relation between us and England? Our other patriots,
Randolph, the Lees, Nicholas, Pendleton, stopped at
the half-way house of John Dickinson, who admitted
that England had a right to regulate our commerce,
and to lay duties on it for the purposes of regulation,
but not of raising revenue. But for this ground
there was no foundation in compact, in any acknowledged
principles of colonization, nor in reason: expatriation
being a natural right, and acted on as such, by all
nations, in all ages. I set out for Williamsburg
some days before that appointed for the meeting, but
taken ill of a dysentery on the road, and was unable
to proceed, I sent on, therefore, to Williamsburg
two copies of my draught, the one under cover to Peyton
Randolph, who I knew would be in the of the convention,
the other to Patrick Henry. Whether Mr. Henry
disapproved the ground taken, or was too lazy to read
it (for he was the laziest man in reading I ever knew)
I never learned: but he communicated it to nobody.
Peyton Randolph informed the convention he had received
such a paper from a member, prevented by sickness
from offering it in his place, and he laid it on the
table for perusal. It was read generally by the
members, approved by many, though thought too bold
for the present state of things; but they printed
it in pamphlet form, under the title of ’A Summary
View of the Rights of British America.’
It found its way to England, was taken up by the opposition,
interpolated a little by Mr. Burke so as to make it
answer opposition purposes, and in that form ran rapidly
through several editions. This information I
had from Parson Hurt, who happened at the time to
be in London, whither he had gone to receive clerical
orders; and I was informed afterwards by Peyton Randolph,