neque id inficiari poterint, capitis pcena esto.’  LI.  Aethelst. c. 6. apud Lambard.  LI.  Aelfr. 30.  LI.  Cnuti. c. 4.  ’Mesmo eel jugement (d’etrears) eyent sorcers, et sorceresses,’ &c. ut supra.  Fleta tit et ubi supra. 3 Inst. 44.  Trial of witches before Hale, in 1664.  The statutes 33 H. 8. c. 8. 5.  El. c. 16 and 1.  Jac. 1. c. 12. seem to be only in confirmation of the Common law. 9 G. 2. c. 25. punishes them with pillory and a year’s imprisonment 3 E. 6 c 15. 5 El. c. 15. punish fond, fantastical, and false prophecies, by fine and imprisonment.

If the principal offenders be fled, or secreted from justice, in any case not touching life or member, the accessaries may, notwithstanding, be prosecuted as if their principal were convicted.**

     * 1 Ann. c. 9.  Sec. 2.

**As every treason includes within it a misprision of treason, so every felony includes a misprision, or misdemeanor. 1 Hale P. C. 652. 75S.  ’Licet fuerit felonia, tamen in eo continetur misprisio.’ 2 R. 3.10.  Both principal and accessary, therefore, may be proceeded against in any case, either for felony, or misprision, at the Common law.  Capital cases not being mentioned here, accessaries to them will of course be triable for misprisions, if the offender flies.

If any offender stand mute of obstinacy,* or challenge preremp-torily more of the jurors than by law he may, being first warned of the consequence thereof, the court shall proceed as if he had confessed the charge,**

     * 3E.  I.e. 12.

** Whether the judgment of penance lay at Common law.  See 2 Inst. 178.2.  H. P. C. 321. 4 Bl. 322.  It was given on standing mute:  but on challenging more than the legal number, whether that sentence, or sentence of death is to be given, seems doubtful. 2 H. P. C. 316.  Quaere, whether it would not be better to consider the supernumerary challenge as merely void, and to proceed in the trial.  Quaere too, in case of silence.

Pardon and privilege of clergy shall henceforth be abolished, that none may be induced to injure through hope of impunity.  But if the verdict be against the defendant, and the court, before whom the offence is heard and determined, shall doubt that it may be untrue for defect of testimony, or other cause, they may direct a new trial to be had.*

* ’Cum Clericus sic de crimine convictus degradetur, non sequitur aliapoe-na pro uno delicto, vel pluribus ante degradationem perpetratis.  Satis enim sufficit ei pro pcena degradatio, quse est magna capitis diminutio, nisi forte convictus fuerit de apostatia, quia hinc primo degradetur, et postea per manum laicalem comburetur, secundum quod accidit in concilio Oxoni celebrato a bonas memoriae S. Cantuaren.  Archiepiscopo de quodam diacono, qui seapos- tatavit pro quadam Judaea; qui cum esset per episcopum degradatus, statim fuit igni traditus per manum laicalem.’  Bract.  L. 3. c. 9.  Sec. 2.  ’Et