He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

      He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with
      manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

      He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his
      Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

      He has made judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of
      their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

      He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of
      Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.

      He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the
      Consent of our legislatures.

      He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior
      to the Civil Power.

      He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign
      to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his
      Assent to their Acts of pretended legislation: 

      For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: 

      For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any
      Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: 

      For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: 

      For imposing taxes on us without our Consent: 

      For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: 

      For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: 

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: 

      For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and
      altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: