HIPPOPOTAMUS.

Hippopotamus, kuda ayer:  the existence of this quadruped in the island of Sumatra having been questioned by M. Cuvier, and not having myself actually seen it, I think it necessary to state that the immediate authority upon which I included it in the list of animals found there was a drawing made by Mr. Whalfeldt, an officer employed on a survey of the coast, who had met with it at the mouth of one of the southern rivers, and transmitted the sketch along with his report to the government, of which I was then secretary.  Of its general resemblance to that well-known animal there could be no doubt.  M. Cuvier suspects that I may have mistaken for it the animal called by naturalists the dugong, and vulgarly the sea-cow, which will be hereafter mentioned; and it would indeed be a grievous error to mistake for a beast with four legs, a fish with two pectoral fins serving the purposes of feet; but, independently of the authority I have stated, the kuda ayer, or river-horse, is familiarly known to the natives, as is also the duyong (from which Malayan word the dugong of naturalists has been corrupted); and I have only to add that, in a register given by the Philosophical Society of Batavia in the first Volume of their Transactions for 1799, appears the article “couda aijeer, rivier paard, hippopotamus” amongst the animals of Java.

BEAR, ETC.

Bear, bruang:  generally small and black:  climbs the coconut-trees in order to devour the tender part or cabbage.

(PLATE 12. n.1.  THE PALANDOK, A DIMINUTIVE SPECIES OF MOSCHUS. 
Sinensis delt.  A. Cardon fc.)

(PLATE 12a. n.2.  THE KIJANG OR ROE, Cervus muntjak. 
W. Bell delt.  A. Cardon sc. 
Published by W. Marsden, 1810.)

Of the deer kind there are several species:  rusa, the stag, of which some are very large; kijang, the roe, with unbranched horns, the emblem of swiftness and wildness with the Malayan poets; palandok, napu, and kanchil, three varieties, of which the last is the smallest, of that most delicate animal, termed by Buffon the chevrotin, but which belong to the moschus.  Of a kanchil measured at Batavia the extreme length was sixteen inches, and the height ten behind, and eight at the shoulder.

Babi-rusa, or hog-deer:  an animal of the hog kind, with peculiar tusks resembling horns.  Of this there is a representation in Valentyn, Volume 3 page 268 fig. c., and also in the very early travels of Cosmas, published in Thevenot’s Collect.  Volume 1 page 2 of the Greek Text.

The varieties of the monkey tribe are innumerable:  among them the best known are the muniet, karra, bru, siamang (or simia gibbon of Buffon), and lutong.  With respect to the appellation of orang utan, or wild man, it is by no means specific, but applied to any of these animals of a large size that occasionally walks erect, and bears the most resemblance to the human figure.

Sloth, ku-kang, ka-malas-an (Lemur tardigradus).