the independent soul of Milton, even at this susceptible period of his life; failing any approach to such external influence, he would be likely to leave Cambridge the same man as he entered it.  Ere, indeed, he had completed a year’s residence, his studies were interrupted by a temporary rupture with the University, probably attributable to his having been at first placed under an uncongenial tutor.  William Chappell was an Arminian and a tool of Laud, who afterwards procured him preferment in Ireland, and, as Professor Masson judges from his treatise on homiletics, “a man of dry, meagre nature.”  His relations with such a pupil could not well be harmonious; and Aubrey charges him with unkindness, a vague accusation rendered tangible by the interlined gloss, “Whipt him.”  Hence the legend, so dear to Johnson, that Milton was the last man to be flogged at college.  But Aubrey can hardly mean anything more than that Chappell on some occasion struck or beat his pupil, and this interpretation is supported by Milton’s verses to Diodati, written in the spring of 1626, in which, while acknowledging that he had been directed to withdraw from Cambridge ("nec dudum vetiti me laris angit amor”) he expresses his intention of speedily returning:—­

   “Stat quoque juncosas Cami remeare paludes,
    Atque iterum raucae murmur adire scholae.”

A short rustication would be just the notice the University would be likely to take of the conduct of a pupil who had been engaged in a scuffle with his tutor, in which the fault was not wholly or chiefly his.  Formal corporal punishment would have rendered rustication unnecessary.  That Milton was not thought wholly in the wrong appears from his not having been mulcted of a term’s residence, his absence notwithstanding, and from the still more significant fact that Chappell lost his pupil.  His successor was Nathaniel Tovey, in whom his patroness, the Countess of Bedford, had discerned “excellent talent.”  What Milton thought of him there is nothing to show.

This temporary interruption of the smoothness of Milton’s University life occurred, as has been seen, quite early in its course.  Had it indeed implied a stigma upon him or the University, the blot would in either case have been effaced by the perfect regularity of his subsequent career.  He went steadily through the academic course, which to attain the degree of Master of Arts, then required seven years’ residence.  He graduated as Bachelor at the proper time, March, 1629, and proceeded Master in July, 1632.  His general relations with the University during the period may be gathered partly from his own account in after years, when perhaps he in some degree “confounded the present feelings with the past,” partly from a remarkable passage in one of his academical exercises, fortunately preserved to us, the importance of which was first discerned by his editor and biographer Mitford.  Professor Masson, however, ascertained