Richard, his son, is stated, but not proved, to have
been an under-ranger of Shotover Forest. He appears
to have married a widow named Jeffrey, whose maiden
name had been Haughton, and who had some connection
with a Cheshire family of station. He would also
seem to have improved his circumstances by the match,
which may account for the superior education of his
son John, whose birth is fixed by an affidavit to
1562 or 1563. Aubrey, indeed, next to Phillips
and Milton himself, the chief contemporary authority,
says that he was for a time at Christ Church, Oxford—a
statement in itself improbable, but slightly confirmed
by his apparent acquaintance with Latin, and the family
tradition that his course of life was diverted by
a quarrel with his father. Queen Mary’s
stakes and faggots had not affected Richard Milton
as they affected most Englishmen. Though churchwarden
in 1582, he must have continued to adhere to the ancient
faith, for he was twice fined for recusancy in 1601,
which lends credit to the statement that his son was
cast off by him for Protestantism. “Found
him reading the Bible in his chamber,” says
Aubrey, who adds that the younger Milton never was
a scrivener’s apprentice; but this is shown
to be an error by Mr. Hyde Clarke’s discovery
of his admission to the Scriveners’ Company in
1599, where he is stated to have been apprentice to
James Colborn. Colborn himself had been only
four years in business, instead of the seven which
would usually be required for an apprentice to serve
out his indenture—which suggests that some
formalities may have been dispensed with on account
of John Milton’s age. A scrivener was a
kind of cross between an attorney and a law stationer,
whose principal business was the preparation of deeds,
“to be well and truly done after my learning,
skill, and science,” and with due regard to the
interests of more exalted personages. “Neither
for haste nor covetousness I shall take upon me to
make any deed whereof I have not cunning, without good
advice and information of counsel.” Such
a calling offered excellent opportunities for investments;
and John Milton, a man of strict integrity and frugality,
came to possess a “plentiful estate.”
Among his possessions was the house in Bread Street
destroyed in the Great Fire. The tenement where
the poet was born, being a shop, required a sign, for
which he chose The Spread Eagle, either from the crest
of such among the Miltons as had a right to bear arms,
among whom he may have reckoned himself; or as the
device of the Scriveners’ Company. He had
been married about 1600 to a lady whose name has been
but lately ascertained to have been Sarah Jeffrey.
John Milton the younger was the third of six children,
only three of whom survived infancy. He grew up
between a sister, Anne, several years older, and a
brother, Christopher, seven years younger than himself.