Robert Young Hayne, 1791-1840, was born in Colleton District, South Carolina, and studied and practiced law at Charleston.  He was early elected to the State Legislature, and became Speaker of the House and Attorney-general of the state.  He entered the Senate of the United States at the age of thirty-one.  He was Governor of South Carolina during the “Nullification” troubles in 1832 and 1833.  Mr. Hayne was a clear and able debater, and a stanch advocate of the extreme doctrine of “State Rights.”  In the Senate he opposed the Tariff Bill of 1828; and, out of this struggle, grew his famous debate with Daniel Webster in 1830.  The following selection is an extract from Mr. Hayne’s speech on that memorable occasion. ###

If there be one state in the Union, Mr. President, that may challenge comparison with any other, for a uniform, zealous, ardent, and uncalculating devotion to the Union, that state is South Carolina.  Sir, from the very commencement of the Revolution, up to this hour, there is no sacrifice, however great, she has not cheerfully made; no service she has ever hesitated to perform.

She has adhered to you in your prosperity; but in your adversity she has clung to you with more than filial affection.  No matter what was the condition of her domestic affairs; though deprived of her resources, divided by parties, or surrounded by difficulties, the call of the country has been to her as the voice of God.  Domestic discord ceased at the sound; every man became at once reconciled to his brethren, and the sons of Carolina were all seen, crowding to the temple, bringing their gifts to the altar of their common country.

What, sir, was the conduct of the South, during the Revolution?  Sir, I honor New England for her conduct in that glorious struggle.  But great as is the praise which belongs to her, I think at least equal honor is due to the South.  Never were there exhibited, in the history of the world, higher examples of noble daring, dreadful suffering, and heroic endurance, than by the whigs of Carolina, during the Revolution.  The whole state, from the mountains to the sea, was overrun by an overwhelming force of the enemy.  The fruits of industry perished on the spot where they were produced, or were consumed by the foe.

The plains of Carolina drank up the most precious blood of her citizens.  Black, smoking ruins marked the places which had been the habitation of her children.  Driven from their homes into the gloomy and almost impenetrable swamps, even there the spirit of liberty survived, and South Carolina, sustained by the example of her Sumters and her Marions, proved, by her conduct, that though her soil might be overrun, the spirit of her people was invincible.

Notes.—­Thomas Sumter (b. 1734, d. 1832) was by birth a Virginian, but during the Revolution commanded South Carolina troops.  He was one of the most active and able of the Southern generals, and, after the war, was prominent in politics.  He was the last surviving general of the Revolution.