land, partly cleared and partly covered with oak and pine timber.  Beautiful broad roads wind their way to all parts of the ground, along which are placed large tablets recording the events of those dreadful days in the autumn of 1863, when Americans faced Americans in bloody, determined strife.  Monuments, judiciously placed, speak with a mute eloquence to the passer-by and tell of the valor displayed by some regiment or battery, or point to the spot where some lofty hero gave up his life.  The whole park is a monument, however, and its definite purpose is to preserve and suitably mark “for historical and professional military study the fields of some of the most remarkable manoeuvres and most brilliant fighting in the War of the Rebellion.”  The battles commemorated by this great park are those of Chickamauga, fought on September 19-20, and the battles around Chattanooga, November 23-25, 1863.  The battle of Chickamauga was fought by the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Major-General W.S.  Rosecrans, on the Union side, and the Army of Tennessee, commanded by General Braxton Bragg, on the side of the Confederates.  The total effective strength of the Union forces in this battle was little less than 60,000 men, that of the Confederates about 70,000.  The total Union loss was 16,179 men, a number about equal to the army led by Shatter against Santiago.  Of the number reported as lost, 1,656 were killed, or as many as were lost in killed, wounded and missing in the Cuban campaign.  The Confederate losses were 17,804, 2,389 being killed, making on both sides a total killed of 4,045, equivalent to the entire voting population of a city of over twenty thousand inhabitants.  General Grant, who commanded the Union forces in the battles around Chattanooga, thus sums up the results:  “In this battle the Union army numbered in round figures about 60,000 men; we lost 752 killed, 4,713 wounded and 350 captured or missing.  The rebel loss was much greater in the aggregate, as we captured and sent North to be rationed there over 6,100 prisoners.  Forty pieces of artillery, over seven thousand stand of small arms, many caissons, artillery wagons and baggage wagons fell into our hands.  The probabilities are that our loss in killed was the heavier as we were the attacking party.  The enemy reported his loss in killed at 361, but as he reported his missing at 4,146, while we held over 6,000 of them as prisoners, and there must have been hundreds, if not thousands, who deserted, but little reliance can be placed upon this report.”

In the battle of Chickamauga, when “four-fifths of the Union Army had crumbled into wild confusion,” and Rosecrans was intent only on saving the fragments, General Thomas, who had commanded the Federal left during the two days’ conflict, and had borne the brunt of the fight, still held his position.  To him General James A. Garfield reported.  General Gordon Granger, without orders, brought up the reserves, and Thomas, replacing his lines, held the ground until