You will remember that my acquaintance with negro character commenced during the Civil War.  The colored race then presented itself to me in the character of numerous contrabands of war, and as a people who, individually, yearned for the light and life of liberty.  Ages of slavery had reduced them to the lowest ebb of manhood.  From that degree of degradation I have been an interested spectator of the marvelously rapid evolution of the down-trodden race.  From the commencement of this evolution to the present time I have been more or less in a position to closely observe their progress.  At the close of the war I was in command of one of the very important military districts of the South, and my concern for the welfare of all the people of that district, not excluding the people of color, you will find evidenced in the measures taken by me, more especially in regard to educational matters, at that time.  The first regiment which I commanded on entering the Regular Army of the United States at the close of the war was made up of colored troops.  That regiment—­the 40th Infantry—­achieved a reputation for military conduct which forms a record that may be favorably compared with the best regiments in the service.  Then, again, refer to my General Order No. 1, issued after the fall of Santiago, and you will see that recognition is not grudgingly given to the troops who heroically fought there, whether of American, of African, or of Latin descent.  If so early in the second generation of the existence of the race in the glorious light of liberty it produces such orators as Douglas, such educators as Booker T. Washington, such divines as the Afro-American Bishops, what may we not expect of the race when it shall have experienced as many generations of growth and development as the Anglo-Saxons who now dominate the thought, the inventive genius, the military prowess, and the commercial enterprise of the world!  Very truly yours,

Nelson A. Miles.

[Illustration:  Lieutenant-General Nelson A. Miles.]

Headquarters of the Army,
Siboney, Cuba, July 16, 1898.

General Field Orders No. 1.

The gratifying success of the American arms at Santiago de Cuba and some features of a professional character both important and instructive, are hereby announced to the army.

The declaration of war found our country with a small army scattered over a vast territory.  The troops composing this army were speedily mobilized at Tampa, Fla.  Before it was possible to properly equip a volunteer force, strong appeals for aid came from the navy, which had inclosed in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba an important part of the Spanish fleet.  At that time the only efficient fighting force available was the United States Army, and in order to organize a command of sufficient strength, the cavalry had to be sent dismounted to Santiago de Cuba with the infantry and artillery.