Distorted, having a bad figure.

     Perspective, the science by which things are represented
     in a picture according to their appearance to the eye.

Who are the Japanese?

The inhabitants of Japan, an empire of Eastern Asia, composed of several large islands.  They are so similar in feature, and in many of their customs and ceremonies, to the Chinese, as to be regarded by some, as the same race of men.  The Japanese language is so very peculiar, that it is rarely understood by the people of other nations.  Their religion is idolatrous; their government a monarchy, controlled by the priesthood.  The people are very ingenious, and the arts and sciences are held in great esteem by them.  In all respects, Japan is an important and interesting empire.

     Monarchy, a government in which the power is vested in a
     king or emperor.

By what nations was the art of painting practised with great success?

By the Greeks and Romans.  Greece produced many distinguished painters, among whom Apelles was one of the most celebrated; he was a native of Cos, an island in the Archipelago, rather north of Rhodes; he flourished in the time of Alexander the Great, and witnessed both the glory and the decay of ancient art:  the leading features of his style were beauty and grace.  But painting was not at any period so completely national in Greece, as sculpture, its sister art; the names of one hundred and sixty-nine eminent sculptors are recorded, while only fifteen painters are mentioned.  Zeuxis, of Heraclea, was another famous Greek painter, who flourished 400 years before Christ.  The Romans were not without considerable masters in this art, in the latter times of the republic, and under the first emperors.

What nation is supposed to have known and practised this art even before the foundation of Rome?

The Etruscans, inhabitants of Etruria, whose acquaintance with the arts has excited great astonishment among those who have most deeply searched into their history, and traced their progress by means of the beautiful specimens of their works still extant.  Their early works were not superior to those of other nations; but either from their intercourse with Greece, or the original genius of the people, they had attained considerable eminence in the arts of painting, sculpture, &c., before Rome was founded.  Pliny speaks of some beautiful pictures at Ardea and Lanuvium, which were older than Rome:  and another author also says that before Rome was built, sculpture and painting existed among them.

Where was Etruria situated?

In Italy, on the west of the Tiber, which separated it from the territory of ancient Rome, to which it was afterwards annexed by conquest.  Etruria was the ancient name of Tuscany.

     Annexed, united.

Was not the art greatly obscured for some centuries?