[Illustration:  FIG. 41]

Cut a Greek cross into five pieces that will form two separate squares, one of which shall contain half the area of one of the arms of the cross.  In further illustration of what I have already written, if the two squares of the same size A B C D and B C F E, in Fig. 41, are cut in the manner indicated by the dotted lines, the four pieces will form the large square A G E C. We thus see that the diagonal A C is the side of a square twice the size of A B C D. It is also clear that half the diagonal of any square is equal to the side of a square of half the area.  Therefore, if the large square in the diagram is one of the arms of your cross, the small square is the size of one of the squares required in the puzzle.

The solution is shown in Figs. 42 and 43.  It will be seen that the small square is cut out whole and the large square composed of the four pieces B, C, D, and E. After what I have written, the reader will have no difficulty in seeing that the square A is half the size of one of the arms of the cross, because the length of the diagonal of the former is clearly the same as the side of the latter.  The thing is now self-evident.  I have thus tried to show that some of these puzzles that many people are apt to regard as quite wonderful and bewildering, are really not difficult if only we use a little thought and judgment.  In conclusion of this particular subject I will give four Greek cross puzzles, with detached solutions.

142.—­THE SILK PATCHWORK.

The lady members of the Wilkinson family had made a simple patchwork quilt, as a small Christmas present, all composed of square pieces of the same size, as shown in the illustration.  It only lacked the four corner pieces to make it complete.  Somebody pointed out to them that if you unpicked the Greek cross in the middle and then cut the stitches along the dark joins, the four pieces all of the same size and shape would fit together and form a square.  This the reader knows, from the solution in Fig. 39, is quite easily done.  But George Wilkinson suddenly suggested to them this poser.  He said, “Instead of picking out the cross entire, and forming the square from four equal pieces, can you cut out a square entire and four equal pieces that will form a perfect Greek cross?” The puzzle is, of course, now quite easy.

143.—­TWO CROSSES FROM ONE.

Cut a Greek cross into five pieces that will form two such crosses, both of the same size.  The solution of this puzzle is very beautiful.

144.—­THE CROSS AND THE TRIANGLE.

Cut a Greek cross into six pieces that will form an equilateral triangle.  This is another hard problem, and I will state here that a solution is practically impossible without a previous knowledge of my method of transforming an equilateral triangle into a square (see No. 26, “Canterbury Puzzles").

145.—­THE FOLDED CROSS.

Cut out of paper a Greek cross; then so fold it that with a single straight cut of the scissors the four pieces produced will form a square.