[361:1] In the life of Marcellus we read of so many places of worship in Rome.  See “Hist.  Platinae De Vitis Pontif.  Roman,” p. 40, Coloniae, 1593.  Optatus speaks of forty churches in Rome at this time; but he is probably mistaken as to the date.  There may have been so many after the establishment of Christianity by Constantine.  There were only fifty churches in the Western capital in the beginning of the fifth century.  See Neander, i. 276; Edit.  Edinburgh, 1847.

[362:1] In Matt. xvi. 18.  Opera, tom. ii. p. 344; Edit.  Eton, 1612.

[362:2] In Joh. i. 50.  Opera, tom. ii. p. 637; Edit.  Eton, 1612.

[362:3] “In Johann.  Evang.  Tractat.” 124, Sec. 5.  Opera, tom. ix. c. 572.  Augustine had before held the more fashionable view.  See “Barrow on the Pope’s Supremacy,” by Dr M’Crie, p. 78.

[365:1] The references in this work to the Apostolic Fathers by Cotelerius are to the Amsterdam Edition, folio, 1724.

[365:2] This is the date assigned to it by Bunsen.  “Hippolytus,” i. 309.  It is not probable that Polycarp was at the head of the eldership of Smyrna much earlier.  See Period II. sec. iii. chap, v., note.

[365:3] According to Ussher in A.D. 169.

[365:4] See Pearson’s “Minor Works,” ii. 531.

[366:1] The original narrative may be found in the Dialogue with Trypho.

[366:2] The references to Justin in this work are to the Paris folio edition of 1615.

[367:1] He afterwards became the founder of a sect noted for its austere discipline.  His followers used water, instead of wine, at the celebration of the Lord’s Supper.  They lived in celibacy, and observed rigorous fasts.

[367:2] The writer says of the temple (chap. xvi.)—­“It is now destroyed by their (the Jews) enemies, and the servants of their enemies are building it up.” Jerusalem was rebuilt by Hadrian about A.D. 135, and the name Aelia given to it.

[368:1] Two short letters ascribed to Pius are mentioned Period II. sec. iii. chap. vii.  For a long time Barnabas, the author of the epistle, was absurdly confounded with the companion of Paul mentioned Acts xiii. 1, and elsewhere; and Hermas was supposed to be the individual saluted in Rom. xvi. 14.  Hence these two writers have been called, like Polycarp and others, Apostolic Fathers.

[368:2] Eusebius, who has preserved a few fragments of this author, describes him as a very credulous person.  See his “Hist.” iii. 39.

[368:3] In the text it has not been considered necessary to mention all the writers, however small their contributions to our ecclesiastical literature, who appeared during the second and third centuries.  Hence, Melito of Sardis, Caius of Rome, and many others are unnoticed.  The remaining fragments of these early ecclesiastical writers may be found in Routh’s “Reliquiae,” and elsewhere.

[368:4] [Greek:  haemon, ton en Keltois diatribonton kai peri barbaron dialekton to pleiston ascholoumenon].—­Contra Haereses, lib. i.  Praef.