Shot-holes, 62, 69

Shovell, Admiral Sir Clowdisley, 195, 198 n.

Sidmouth, Lord, 292, 295

Sign (for signal), 82

Signal books, introduction of, 233 and n., 234 and n.

Signal officers, 216, 299

Signals, early forms of, 10, 38, 54-8, 73;
  improvements in, 242, 152 n., 155 n., 163 n., 233,
    et seq., 254 n.;
  numerical, 235

Slinging yards, 70

Smoke, tactical value of, 8, 10, 15, 16

Soldiers at sea, 35, 37, 41, 53, 56, 59,69;
  as admirals, 29-30, 49, 73-6, 96

Spain, orders adopted from, 18, 33 n., 41 n.

Spanish Armament, the (1790), 253

Squadronal organisation, 50-1, 55, 65-7, 73-4, 85-7, 186-9, 193-4, 322

Stanhope, Vice-Admiral, 322

Station, changing, 218, 226, 243, 276;
  keeping, 222, 224, 228,
  See also Line, quitting the

Stinkballs, 11

Strickland, Admiral Sir Roger, 169

Sub-squadrons, 50-1, 65-7, 85, 87, 322-3.
  See also Divisions

Tacking in succession, first signal for, 113, 127-8

Tactical exercises, 209, 253, 285 n.

Tactics, principles of, 283-4, 286.
    See also Concentration, Confusing, Containing, Mutual support
  Oscillations in, 178, 213
  Dutch, 50, 66-7, 73, 85-7, 97-8, 114, 118-20, 313
  French, 185, 258-9, 267-8, 285-6
  Spanish, 267-8.
    See also Chaves, Alonso de
  Treatises on, see Hoste, Morogues, Clerk, Grenier, Knowles

Tangier, 168

Telegraphing, 254 n.

Tobacco smoking, 37

Torrington, Admiral Arthur Herbert, Earl of, 141, 177, 181, 187, 236

Toulouse, Comte de, 196

Tourville, Marechal de, 179-181

Transports, 71

Tromp, Admiral Marten Harpertszoon, 83-7, 93-4;
  orders of, 91

Tromp, Admiral Cornelis Martenszoon, 118, 156 n.

Van, concentration on, 142-5, 154 n.

Vane, Sir Harry, 93

Vernon, Admiral, 205-7, 210;
  his Additional Instructions, 214-216

Villeneuve, Admiral, 264, 286, 308-9, 312-3, 342 n.

Walsh, Lieutenant John, his signal book, 253

Warren, Vice-Admiral Sir Peter, 285 n.

Weapons for close quarters, 11, 15

Weather-gage, 8, 15, 16, 23-4, 62, 68, 102, 114, 154, 238

Weft, waft or wheft, 89, 99

Wimbledon, see Cecil

Wing squadrons, 18-24, 73

With, Admiral Witte de, 86

Wren, Dr. Mathew, F.R.S., 133, 138-9

York, James, Duke of, 82;
  his instructions, 110-28, 133-63, 177;
  his school, 134-5, 178, 338;
  end of his career, 140

Zamorano, Roderigo, 4

Zante, 164, 167