For an immense period of time China’s population has remained at 400,000,000—­the saturation point.  The only reason that the Yellow River periodically drowns millions of Chinese is that there is no other land for those millions to farm.  And after every such catastrophe the wave of human life rolls up and now millions flood out upon that precarious territory.  They are driven to it, because they are pressed remorselessly against subsistence.  It is inevitable that China, sooner or later, like Japan, will learn and put into application our own superior food-getting efficiency.  And when that time comes, it is likewise inevitable that her population will increase by unguessed millions until it again reaches the saturation point.  And then, inoculated with Western ideas, may she not, like Japan, take sword in hand and start forth colossally on a drift of her own for more room?  This is another reputed bogie—­the Yellow Peril; yet the men of China are only men, like any other race of men, and all men, down all history, have drifted hungrily, here, there and everywhere over the planet, seeking for something to eat.  What other men do, may not the Chinese do?

But a change has long been coming in the affairs of man.  The more recent drifts of the stronger races, carving their way through the lesser breeds to more earth-space, has led to peace, ever to wider and more lasting peace.  The lesser breeds, under penalty of being killed, have been compelled to lay down their weapons and cease killing among themselves.  The scalp-talking Indian and the head-hunting Melanesian have been either destroyed or converted to a belief in the superior efficacy of civil suits and criminal prosecutions.  The planet is being subdued.  The wild and the hurtful are either tamed or eliminated.  From the beasts of prey and the cannibal humans down to the death-dealing microbes, no quarter is given; and daily, wider and wider areas of hostile territory, whether of a warring desert-tribe in Africa or a pestilential fever-hole like Panama, are made peaceable and habitable for mankind.  As for the great mass of stay-at-home folk, what percentage of the present generation in the United States, England, or Germany, has seen war or knows anything of war at first hand?  There was never so much peace in the world as there is to-day.

War itself, the old red anarch, is passing.  It is safer to be a soldier than a working-man.  The chance for life is greater in an active campaign than in a factory or a coal-mine.  In the matter of killing, war is growing impotent, and this in face of the fact that the machinery of war was never so expensive in the past nor so dreadful.  War-equipment to-day, in time of peace, is more expensive than of old in time of war.  A standing army costs more to maintain than it used to cost to conquer an empire.  It is more expensive to be ready to kill, than it used to be to do the killing.  The price of a Dreadnought would furnish the whole army of Xerxes