[1] A fine in this technical sense is an agreement arrived at
    by a money transaction.

Of special or local rolls, preserved in the Chancery, the most important for our period are the GASCON ROLLS.  The earlier documents called by this name are not exclusively concerned with the affairs of Gascony; they are miscellaneous documents enrolled for convenience in common parchments by reason of the presence of the king in his Aquitanian dominions.  Of these are F. MICHEL’S Roles Gascons, vol. i., published in the French government series of Documents Inedits sur l’Histoire de France (1885), including a “fragmentum rotuli Vasconiae,” 1242-1243, and “patentes littere facte in Wasconia,” 1253-1254, years in which Henry III. was actually in Gascony.  This publication was resumed in 1896 by M. CHARLES BEMONT’S Supplement to Michel’s imperfect volume, containing innumerable corrections, an index, introduction, and some additional rolls of 1254 and 1259-1260.  The later of these, the roll of Edward’s delegated administration, is the first exclusively devoted to the concerns of Gascony.  “Gascon Rolls” in this later sense begin with Edward I.’s accession, and M. Bemont has undertaken their publication for the whole of Edward’s reign from photographs of the records supplied by the English to the French government.  In 1900 vol. ii. of the Roles Gascons, containing the years 1273-1290, was issued.  Other classes of Chancery Rolls accessible in print are Rotuli Scotiae, 1291-1516 (2 vols., 1814-1819, Rec.  Corn.), and Rotuli Walliae, 5-9 Edward I., privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps (1865).  Among isolated Chancery records the Rotuli Hundredorum (Rec.  Corn., 2 vols. fol., 1812-1818), containing the very important inquests made by Edward I.’s commissioners into the franchises of the barons, may specially be noticed here.

Of not less importance than the Chancery records are those handed down from the Court of Exchequer.  The most famous of these, the PIPE ROLLS, which, unlike the Chancery Enrolments, were “filed” or sewn skin by skin, are decreasingly important from the thirteenth century onwards as compared with their value for the twelfth.  For this reason the Pipe Roll Society, founded in 1883, only undertook their publication up to 1200.  Fragments of Pipe Rolls for our period can be seen in print in various local histories and transactions, as e.g., “Pipe Rolls of Northumberland” up to 1272 in HODGSON-HINDE’S History of Northumberland, pt. iii., vol. iii., and 1273-1284, ed.  Dickson (Newcastle, 1854-60), and of Notts and Derby (translated extracts) in YEATMAN’s History of Derby (1886).  The only gap in our series is for Henry III.  Of other Exchequer records we may mention:  (i) the ORIGINALIA ROLLS, containing the estreats or documents from the Chancery informing the Exchequer of moneys due to it, beginning in 20 Henry III., a summary of which is published