to cut their way through to safety.  One of these, a force of some two hundred, headed by Earl Warenne himself, and his brothers-in-law, Guy of Lusignan and William of Valence, secured their retreat to the spacious castle of Pevensey, of which Warenne was constable, and from which the possibility of continuing their flight by sea remained open.  Of greater military consequence was the successful escape of the lords of the Welsh march, whose followers were next day the only section of the royalist army which was still a fighting force.  This was the only immediate limitation to the fulness of Montfort’s victory.  After seven weary years, the judgment of battle secured the triumph of the “good cause,” which had so long been delayed by the weakness of his confederates and the treachery of his enemies.  Not the barons of 1258, but Simon and his personal following were the real conquerors at Lewes.

CHAPTER VI.

THE RULE OF MONTFORT AND THE ROYALIST RESTORATION.

On the day after the battle, Henry III. accepted the terms imposed upon him by Montfort in a treaty called the “Mise of Lewes,” by which he promised to uphold the Great Charter, the Charter of the Forests, and the Provisions of Oxford.  A body of arbitrators was constituted, in which the Bishop of London was the only Englishman, but which included Montfort’s friend, Archbishop Eudes Rigaud of Rouen; the new papal legate, Guy Foulquois, cardinal-bishop of Sabina; and Peter the chamberlain, Louis IX.’s most trusted counsellor, with the Duke of Burgundy or Charles of Anjou, to act as umpire.  These arbitrators were, however, to be sworn to choose none save English councillors, and Henry took oath to follow the advice of his native-born council in all matters of state.  An amnesty was secured to Leicester and Gloucester; and Edward and Henry of Almaine surrendered as hostages for the good behaviour of the marchers, who still remained under arms.  By the establishment of baronial partisans as governors of the castles, ministers, sheriffs, and conservators of the peace, the administration passed at once into the hands of the victorious party.  Three weeks later writs were issued for a parliament which included four knights from every shire.  In this assembly the final conditions of peace were drawn up, and arrangements made for keeping Henry under control for the rest of his life, and Edward after him, for a term of years to be determined in due course.  Leicester and Gloucester were associated with Stephen Berkstead, the Bishop of Chichester, to form a body of three electors.  By these three a Council of Nine was appointed, three of whom were to be in constant attendance at court; and without their advice the king was to do nothing.  Hugh Despenser was continued as justiciar, while the chancery went to the Bishop of Worcester’s nephew, Thomas of Cantilupe, a Paris doctor of canon law, and chancellor of the University of Oxford.