The most reliable way to shut out gas is with water.  Even in the old closets it was supposed that the outlet pipe would be kept covered with water, but as one could not see where the water was or was not, the supposition wasn’t always to be regarded as proper material for an affidavit.  Many a person has moped around and growled at the weather or the cook or anything he could think of to blame, when it was the cheap old plumbing arrangement he hadn’t thought of that was at the bottom of his misery.  Sometimes, too, we think a little sewer gas is preferable to the plumber and his bill; but that is a very silly thought indeed.

The siphon closet not only overflows, but it siphons, or draws out, the contents of the bowl.  This is replaced with clear water, which completely shuts off the outlet pipe.  Comparing the actions of the two systems, we readily see the better cleansing power of the double action, while the seal on the vent pipe is always evident.  A good siphon closet costs from $30 to $50, and unless we find something still safer we would better choose it.

The low tank is preferable in many ways to the sort that is attached to the wall near the ceiling.  It is more compact, can be installed under windows or stairways, and looks better.  Besides, it is not so noisy and operates with greater ease, with either chain or push button.  The extra cost is slight.

HOT WATER AND HOW TO GET IT

We have named the essentials for use in a bathroom.  But there are other features that add much to its convenience and attractiveness.  Some of these need not be purchased at once; in fact, it is better here, as elsewhere in the house, to let many things wait upon a demonstration of their need.

A bathroom without plenty of hot water accessible is not, as we have previously hinted, likely to become a popular resort.  When the wash boiler and the tea kettle have to be heated on the range and brought up in a precarious progress that threatens a scalding for fingers, feet, and floors, to even hint the possibility of the entire household’s insisting upon a daily hot bath suggests lunacy.  But if the hot-water tank is dependent upon the furnace or other house-heating arrangement, summer is likely to find it out of commission, with the chief element of a good bath obtainable only with much ado.  Then some special means of heating water is required.

There are many devices, most of them using gas, and disposed to be cantankerous late at night when all but the would-be bather have retired.  The gas heaters are placed either in connection with the water tank in kitchen or basement, or above the tub, the water running in coils over the heater.  These arrangements are speedy and comparatively economical.  They are slightly dangerous, however; not that they are likely to explode, but from the fact that the gas, particularly if of a poor quality—­which