[Footnote 314:  Bonduca, Sophocles, the Mad Lover, and Double Marriage.  The first, third and fourth are names of plays by Beaumont and Fletcher.  In the case of the second, Emerson, by a lapse of memory, gives the name of one of the chief characters instead of the name of the play—­The Triumph of Honor in a piece called Four Plays in One.  It is from this play by Beaumont and Fletcher that the passage in the essay is quoted.]

[Footnote 315:  Adriadne’s crown.  According to Greek mythology, the crown of Adriadne was, for her beauty and her sufferings, put among the stars.  She was the daughter of Minos, King of Crete; she gave Theseus the clue by means of which he escaped from the labyrinth and she was afterwards abandoned by him.]

[Footnote 316:  Romulus.  The reputed founder of the city of Rome.]

[Footnote 317:  Laodamia, Dion.  Read these two poems by Wordsworth, the great English poet, and tell why you think Emerson mentioned them here.]

[Footnote 318:  Scott.  Sir Walter Scott, a famous Scotch author.]

[Footnote 319:  Lord Evandale, Balfour of Burley.  These are characters in Scott’s novel, Old Mortality.  The passage referred to by Emerson is in the forty-second chapter.]

[Footnote 320:  Thomas Carlyle.  Carlyle was a great admirer of heroes, asserting that history is the biography of great men.  One of his most popular books is Heroes and Hero-Worship, on a plan similar to that of Emerson’s Representative Men.]

[Footnote 321:  Robert Burns.  A Scotch lyric poet.  Emerson was probably thinking of the patriotic song, Scots wha hae wi’ Wallace bled.]

[Footnote 322:  Harleian Miscellanies.  A collection of manuscripts published in the eighteenth century, and named for Robert Harley, the English statesman who collected them.]

[Footnote 323:  Lutzen.  A small town in Prussia.  The battle referred to was fought in 1632 and in it the Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus gained a great victory over vastly superior numbers.  Nearly two hundred years later another battle was fought at Lutzen, in which Napoleon gained a victory over the allied Russians and Prussians.]

[Footnote 324:  Simon Ockley.  An English scholar of the seventeenth century whose chief work was a History of the Saracens.]

[Footnote 325:  Oxford.  One of the two great English universities.]

[Footnote 326:  Plutarch. (See note 264.)]

[Footnote 327:  Brasidas.  This hero, described by Plutarch, was a Spartan general who lived about four hundred years before Christ.]

[Footnote 328:  Dion.  A Greek philosopher who ruled the city of Syracuse in the fourth century before Christ.]

[Footnote 329:  Epaminondas.  A Greek general and statesman of the fourth century before Christ.]

[Footnote 330:  Scipio. (See note 205.)]

[Footnote 331:  Stoicism.  The stern and severe philosophy taught by the Greek philosopher Zeno; he taught that men should always seek virtue and be indifferent to pleasure and happiness.  This belief, carried to the extreme of severity, exercised a great influence on many noble Greeks and Romans.]