[12] The New International, July 23, 1917.

[13] Litvinov, op. cit., p. 31.

[14] The New International, April, 1918.

[15] See, e.g., the article by Lenine, New International, April, 1918, and Litvinov, op. cit.

[16] See my Syndicalism, Industrial Unionism, and Socialism for the I.W.W. philosophy.

[17] Bryant, Six Months in Red Russia, p. 141.

[18] This appeal is published as Appendix I at the end of this volume.

[19] Certain Soviets of Soldiers at the Front had decided that they would stay in their trenches for defensive purposes, but would obey no commands to go forward, no matter what the military situation.

[20] Figures supplied by the Russian Information Bureau.

[21] “It was with a deep and awful sense of the terrible failure before us that I consented to become Premier at that time,” Kerensky told the present writer.

[22] The story was reproduced in New Europe (London), September, 1917.

[23] The New International, April, 1918.

[24] See p. 254.

[25] See the letter of E. Roubanovitch, Appendix II, p. 331.

[26] Justice, London, January 31, 1918.

[27] Justice, London, May 16, 1918.

[28] Vide Special Memorandum to the International Socialist Bureau on behalf of the Revolutionary Socialist party of Russia.

[29] See Appendix III.

[30] Pravda, July 5, 1918.

[31] February, 1918, Protest Against Recognition of Bolshevik Representative by British Labor Party Conference.

[32] Proclamation to People of the Northern Province, etc., December, 1918

[33] The New International, April, 1918.

[34] The dates given are according to the Russian calendar.

[35] See the Rakitnikov Memorandum—­Appendix.

[36] The New International, April, 1918.

[37] The number of votes was over 36,000,000.

[38] Vide Rakitnikov report.

[39] Twenty-three members of the Executive Committee were arrested and, without any trial, thrown into the Fortress of Peter and Paul.

[40] From a Declaration of Protest by the Executive Committee of the Third National Congress of Peasants’ Delegates (anti-Bolshevist), sent to the Bolshevik Congress of Soviets of Workmen, Soldiers, and Peasants, but not permitted to be read to that assembly.

[41] L’Ouorier Russe, May, 1918.

[42] Idem.

[43] Izvestya, July 28, 1918.

[44] Pravda, October 8, 1918 (No. 216).

[45] “Agents-Provocateurs and the Russian Revolution,” article in Justice,, August 16, 1916, by J. Tchernoff.

[46] Most of the information in this paragraph is based upon an article in the Swiss newspaper Lausanne Gazette by the well-known Russian journalist, Serge Persky, carefully checked up by Russian Socialist exiles in Paris.