But in spite of the fact that the workers upon every opportunity repudiated their policies, the Bolsheviki continued their tactics.  Lenine, Trotzky, Tshitsherin, Zinoviev, and others called upon the workers to stop working and to go out into the streets to demonstrate for peace.  The All-Russian Congress of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Delegates issued an appeal to the workers warning them not to heed the call of the Bolsheviki, which had been made at the “moment of supreme danger.”  The appeal said: 

Comrades, in the name of millions of workers, peasants, and soldiers, we tell you, “Do not do that which you are called upon to do.”  At this dangerous moment you are called out into the streets to demand the overthrow of the Provisional Government, to whom the All-Russian Congress has just found it necessary to give its support.  And those who are calling you cannot but know that out of your peaceful demonstrations bloodshed and chaos may result....  You are being called to a demonstration in favor of the Revolution, but we know that counter-revolutionists want to take advantage of your demonstration ... the counter-revolutionists are eagerly awaiting the moment when strife will develop in the ranks of the Revolutionary Democracy and enable them to crush the Revolution.

X

Not only in this way were the Bolsheviki recklessly attempting to thwart the efforts of the Socialist Ministers to carry out the mandates of the majority of the working class of Russia, but they were equally active in trying to secure the failure of the attempt to restore the army.  All through June the Bolshevik papers denounced the military offensive.  In the ranks of the army itself a persistent campaign against further fighting was carried on.  The Duma had voted, on June 17th, for an immediate offensive, and it was approved by the Petrograd Soviet.  The Provisional Government on that date published a Note to the Allied governments, requesting a conference with a view to making a restatement of their war aims.  These actions were approved by the All-Russian Congress of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Delegates, as was also the expulsion from Russia of the Swiss Socialist, Robert Grimm, who was a notorious agent of the German Government.  Grimm, as is now well known, was acting under the orders of Hoffman, the Swiss Minister of Foreign Affairs, and was trying to bring about a separate peace between Russia and Germany.  He was also intimately connected with the infamous “Parvus,” the trusted Social Democrat who was a spy and tool of the German Government.  As always, the great majority of the representatives of the actual working class of Russia took the sane course.