Winds.  The tradewinds are winds which blow all the year through on the open ocean in and near the torrid zone.  In the northern hemisphere they blow from the north-east, in the southern from the south-east.  The regularity of the tradewind is interfered with by the neighbourhood of large land masses.  Their temperature varies much more with the change of seasons than that of the ocean; and this variation produces a change in the direction of the tradewind in the hot season, corresponding distantly to a phenomenon which may be observed, daily instead of half-yearly, on the English coast in hot summer weather, when a sea breeze blows during the day and a land breeze at night.  In the northern hemisphere the monsoon—­as this periodic wind is called—­blows from the south-west (i.e. towards the heated continent of South Asia) from April to October, and from the north-east, as the ordinary trade wind, during the rest of the year.

Works, upper.  The sides of a vessel’s hull from the water-line to the covering board.