Every matron should live upon the spot, and be able to inspect them closely by night and by day; and when there are sufficient female prisoners to require it, female officers should be appointed, and a male turnkey never permitted to go into the women’s apartments.  I am convinced when a prison is properly managed it is unnecessary, because, by firm and gentle management, the most refractory may be controlled by their own sex.  But here I must put in a word respecting ladies’ visiting.  I find a remarkable difference depending upon whether female officers are superintended by ladies or not.  I can tell almost as soon as I go into the prison whether they are or not, from the general appearance both of the women and their officers.  One reason is that many of the latter are not very superior women, not very high, either in principle or habits, and are liable to be contaminated; they soon get familiar with the prisoners, and cease to excite the respect due to their office; whereas, where ladies go in once, or twice, or three times a week, the effect produced is decided.  Their attendance keeps the female officers in their places, makes them attend to their duty, and has a constant influence on the minds of the prisoners themselves.  In short, I may say, after sixteen years’ experience, that the result of ladies of principle and respectability superintending the female officers in prisons, and the prisons themselves, has far exceeded my most sanguine expectations.  In no instance have I more clearly seen the beneficial effects of ladies’ visiting and superintending prisoners than on board convict-ships.  I have witnessed the alterations since ladies have visited them constantly in the river.  I heard formerly of the most dreadful iniquity, confusion, and frequently great distress; latterly I have seen a very wonderful improvement in their conduct.  And on the voyage, I have most valuable certificates to show the difference of their condition on their arrival in the colony.  I can produce, if necessary, extracts from letters.  Samuel Marsden, who has been chaplain there a good many years, says it is quite a different thing:  that they used to come in a most filthy, abominable state, hardly fit for anything; now they arrive in good order, in a totally different situation.  And I have heard the same thing from others.  General Darling’s wife, a very valuable lady, has adopted the same system there; she has visited the prison at Paramatta, and the same thing respecting the officers is felt there as it is here.  On the Continent of Europe, in various parts—­St. Petersburg, Geneva, Turin, Berne, Basle, and some other places—­there are corresponding societies, and the result is the same in every part.  In Berlin they are doing wonders—­I hear a most satisfactory account; and in St. Petersburg, where, from the barbarous state of the people, it was said it could not be done, the conduct of the prisoners has been perfectly astonishing—­an entire change has been produced.