He was musical, besides, and had a little key bugle in his pocket on which, whenever the conversation flagged, he played the first part of a great many tunes, and regularly broke down in the second.

This instrument was on Mr. Feeder’s agenda.

Two more instruments demand our attention.  At the marriage of Tackleton and May Fielding (C.H.) there were to be marrow-bones and cleavers, while to celebrate the union of Trotty Veck’s daughter Meg and Richard they had a band including the aforesaid instruments and also the drum and the bells.  It was formerly the custom for butchers’ assistants to provide themselves with marrow-bones and cleavers for musical effects.  Each cleaver was ground so that when it was struck with the bone it emitted a certain note.[12] A complete band would consist of eight men, with their cleavers so tuned as to give an octave of notes.  After more or less practice they would offer their services as bandsmen on the occasion of marriage ceremonies, which they had a wonderful faculty for locating, and they would provide music (of a kind) ad libitum until the requisite fee was forthcoming.  If their services were declined the butchers would turn up all the same, and make things very unpleasant for the marriage party.  The custom dates from the eighteenth century, and though it has gradually fallen into disuse a marrow-bone and cleaver band is still available in London for those who want it.  A band took part in a wedding ceremony at Clapham as recently as the autumn of 1911.

The following extract, referring to the second marriage of Mr. Dombey, shows what bridal parties had to put up with in the good old days: 

The men who play the bells have got scent of the marriage; and the marrow-bones and cleavers too; and a brass band too.  The first are practising in a back settlement near Battle-bridge[13]; the second put themselves in communication, through their chief, with Mr. Tomlinson, to whom they offer terms to be bought off; and the third, in the person of an artful trombone, lurks and dodges round the corner, waiting for some traitor-tradesman to reveal the place and hour of breakfast, for a bribe.

Other instruments casually referred to are the Pan’s pipes, which in one place is also called a mouth-organ (S.B.S. 20), the flageolet, and the triangle.  It is difficult to classify the walking-stick on which Mr. Jennings Rudolph played tunes before he went behind the parlour door and gave his celebrated imitations of actors, edgetools, and animals (S.B.C. 8).

[11] Forster, Life of Charles Dickens.

[12] This is rather a modern development.

[13] Near King’s Cross Station (G.N.R.).

CHAPTER V

CHURCH MUSIC

Dickens has not much to say about church music as such, but the references are interesting, inasmuch as they throw some light upon it during the earlier years of his life.  In Our Parish (S.B.) we read about the old naval officer who