[484] R.A.S.E.  Journal (1894), p. 11, from which this account of Bakewell is mainly taken.

[485] According to some, Joseph Allom originated the breed, and Bakewell vastly improved it.  We may safely give the chief credit to so careful and gifted a breeder as Bakewell.

[486] Culley on Live Stock (1807), p. 56.

[487] Marshall, Rural Economy of the Midland Counties, i. 273.

[488] Victoria County History:  Warwickshire, Agriculture.

[489] In Lancashire at this date it was not uncommon, when a tenant wished for his farm or a particular field to be improved by draining, marling, liming, or laying down to grass, to hand it over to the landlord for the process; who, when completed, returned it to the tenant with an advanced rent of 10 per cent. upon the improvements.—­Marshall, Review of Reports to Board of Agriculture (under Lancashire).

[490] 1820, p. 173 et seq.

[491] See Hasbach, op. cit. pp. 77 sq.; Annals of Agriculture, xxxvi. 497; Scrutton, Commons and Common Fields, p. 139.

[492] Defoe, Tour, ii. 178 et seq.

[493] R.A.S.E.  Journal (3rd Ser.), ii. 9.

[494] Horner, Inquiry into the Means of Preserving the Public Roads (1767), pp. 4 et seq.

[495] Victoria County History:  Northants., ii. 250.

[496] Young, Southern Tour (ed. 2), p. 88.

[497] Tooke, History of Prices, i. 68.  It is difficult to understand the price of the quartern loaf, 1s. 6d. in 1766, as wheat was only 43s. 1d. a quarter.  Prices of wheat in these years were: 

s. d.

1767 47 4 1768 53 9 1769 40 7 1770 43 6 1771 47 2 1772 50 8 1773 51 0 1774 52 8 1775 48 4 1776 38 2 1777 45 6 1778 42 0 1779 33 8

These returns differ from those of the Board of Agriculture; see Appendix III.

[498] Annals of Agriculture, iii. 366.

[499] Baker, Seasons and Prices, pp. 224 et seq.

[500] A. Stirling, Coke of Holkham, i. 249.

[501] But in other parts of it the cultivation of turnips was well understood, for the Complete Farmer, s.v. Turnips (ed. 3), says that about 1750 Norfolk farmers boasted that turnips had doubled the value of their holdings, and Norfolk men were famous for understanding hoeing and thinning, which were little practised elsewhere.  Further, Young, Southern Tour, p. 273, says:  ’the extensive use of turnips is known but little of except in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex.  I found no farmers but in these counties that understood anything of fatting cattle with them; feeding lean sheep being the only use they put them to.’

[502] A. Stirling, op. cit. i. 264.

[503] R.A.S.E.  Journal (1895), p. 12.

CHAPTER XVII