For a time they were successful.  But a traitor guided the enemy to their rear, and defeat followed.  Hofer escaped and took refuge among the mountain peaks.  Others of the leaders were taken and executed.  The most gallant among the peasantry were shot or hanged.  There was some further opposition, but the invaders pressed into every valley and disarmed the people, the bulk of whom obeyed the orders given them and offered no resistance.  The revolt was quelled.

Hofer took refuge at first, with his wife and child, in a narrow hollow in the Kellerlager.  This he soon left for a hut on the highest alps.  He was implored to leave the country, but he vowed that he would live or die on his native soil.  Discovery soon came.  A peasant named Raffel learned the location of his hiding-place by seeing the smoke ascend from his distant hut.  He foolishly boasted of his knowledge; his story came to the ears of the French; he was arrested, and compelled to guide them to the spot.  Two thousand French were spread around the mountain; a thousand six hundred ascended it; Hofer was taken.

[Illustration:  THE LAST DAY OF ANDREAS HOFER.]

His captors treated him with brutal violence.  They tore out his beard, and dragged him pinioned, barefoot, and in his night-dress, over ice and snow to the valley.  Here he was placed in a carriage and carried to the fortress of Mantua, in Italy.  Napoleon, on news of the capture being brought to him at Paris, sent orders to shoot him within twenty-four hours.

He died as bravely as he had lived.  When placed before the firing-party of twelve riflemen, he refused either to kneel or to allow himself to be blindfolded.  “I stand before my Creator,” he exclaimed, in firm tones, “and standing will I restore to him the spirit he gave.”

He gave the signal to fire, but the men, moved by the scene, missed their aim.  The first fire brought him to his knees, the second stretched him on the ground, where a corporal terminated the cruel scene by shooting him through the head.  He died February 20, 1810.  At a later date his remains were borne back to his native alps, a handsome monument of white marble was erected to his memory in the church at Innsbruck, and his family was ennobled.

Of the two other principal leaders of the Tyrolese, Haspinger, the Capuchin, escaped to Vienna, which Speckbacher also succeeded in reaching, after a series of perils and escapes which are well worth relating.

After the dispersal of his troops he, like Hofer, sought concealment in the mountains where the Bavarians sought for him in troops, vowing to “cut his skin into boot-straps if they caught him.”  He attempted to follow the mountain paths to Austria, but at Dux found the roads so blocked with snow that further progress was impossible.  Here the Bavarians came upon his track and attacked the house in which he had taken refuge.  He escaped by leaping from its roof, but was wounded in doing so.