[Footnote 1:  Mark xi. 19; Luke xxii. 39; John xviii. 1, 2.  This orchard could not be very far from the place where the piety of the Catholics has surrounded some old olive-trees by a wall.  The word Gethsemane seems to signify “oil-press.”]

[Footnote 2:  Luke xxi. 37, xxii. 39; John viii. 1, 2.]

[Footnote 3:  Talm. of Bab., Pesachim, 53 a.]

[Footnote 4:  Talm. of Jerus., Taanith, iv. 8.]

The village of Bethany, in particular,[1] situated at the summit of the hill, upon the incline which commands the Dead Sea and the Jordan, at a journey of an hour and a half from Jerusalem, was the place especially beloved by Jesus.[2] He there made the acquaintance of a family composed of three persons, two sisters and a brother, whose friendship had a great charm for him.[3] Of the two sisters, the one, named Martha, was an obliging, kind, and assiduous person;[4] the other, named Mary, on the contrary, pleased Jesus by a sort of languor,[5] and by her strongly developed speculative instincts.  Seated at the feet of Jesus, she often forgot, in listening to him, the duties of real life.  Her sister, upon whom fell all the duty at such times, gently complained.  “Martha, Martha,” said Jesus to her, “thou art troubled, and carest about many things; now, one thing only is needful.  Mary has chosen the better part, which will not be taken away."[6] Her brother, Eleazar, or Lazarus, was also much beloved by Jesus.[7] Lastly, a certain Simon, the leper, who was the owner of the house, formed, it appears, part of the family.[8] It was there, in the enjoyment of a pious friendship, that Jesus forgot the vexations of public life.  In this tranquil home he consoled himself for the bickerings with which the scribes and the Pharisees unceasingly surrounded him.  He often sat on the Mount of Olives, facing Mount Moriah,[9] having beneath his view the splendid perspective of the terraces of the temple, and its roofs covered with glittering plates of metal.  This view struck strangers with admiration; at the rising of the sun, especially, the sacred mountain dazzled the eyes, and appeared like a mass of snow and of gold.[10] But a profound feeling of sadness poisoned for Jesus the spectacle that filled all other Israelites with joy and pride.  He cried out, in his moments of bitterness, “O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not."[11]

[Footnote 1:  Now El-Azerie (from El-Azir, the Arabic name of Lazarus); in the Christian texts of the Middle Ages, Lazarium.]

[Footnote 2:  Matt. xxi. 17, 18; Mark xi. 11, 12.]

[Footnote 3:  John xi. 5.]

[Footnote 4:  Luke x. 38-42; John xii. 2.]

[Footnote 5:  John xi. 20.]

[Footnote 6:  Luke x. 38, and following.]