Such a book—­pamphlet I may call it, so small it was—­fell into my hands some ten years ago; “The Aims of Literary Study”—­no very attractive title—­by Dr Corson, a distinguished American Professor (and let me say that, for something more than ten—­say for twenty—­years much of the most thoughtful as well as the most thorough work upon English comes to us from America).  I find, as I handle again the small duodecimo volume, that my own thoughts have taken me a little wide, perhaps a little astray, from its suggestions.  But for loyalty’s sake I shall start just where Dr Corson started, with a passage from Browning’s, “A Death in the Desert,” supposed (you will remember)—­

     Supposed of Pamphylax the Antiochene

narrating the death of St John the Evangelist, John of Patmos; the narrative interrupted by this gloss: 

[This is the doctrine he was wont to teach, How divers persons witness in each man, Three souls which make up one soul:  first, to wit, A soul of each and all the bodily parts, Seated therein, which works, and is What Does, And has the use of earth, and ends the man Downward:  but, tending upward for advice, Grows into, and again is grown into By the next soul, which, seated in the brain, Useth the first with its collected use, And feeleth, thinketh, willeth,—­is What Knows:  Which, duly tending upward in its turn, Grows into, and again is grown into By the last soul, that uses both the first, Subsisting whether they assist or no, And, constituting man’s self, is What Is—­ And leans upon the former

(Mark the word, Gentlemen; ’leans upon the former’—­leaning back, as it were felt by him, on this very man who had leaned on Christ’s bosom, being loved)

And leans upon the former, makes it play, As that played off the first:  and, tending up, Holds, is upheld by, God, and ends the man Upward in that dread point of intercourse, Nor needs a place, for it returns to Him. What Does, What Knows, What Is; three souls, one man.  I give the glossa of Theotypas.]

What Does, What Knows, What Is—­there is no mistaking what Browning means, nor in what degrees of hierarchy he places this, that, and the other....  Does it not strike you how curiously men to-day, with their minds perverted by hate, are inverting that order?—­all the highest value set on What Does—­What Knows suddenly seen to be of importance, but only as important in feeding the guns, perfecting explosives, collaring trade—­all in the service of What Does, of ‘Get on or Get Out,’ of ‘Efficiency’; no one stopping to think that ‘Efficiency’ is—­must be—­a relative term!  Efficient for what?—­for What Does, What Knows or perchance, after all, for What Is?  No! banish the humanities and throw everybody into practical science:  not into that study of natural science, which can never conflict with the ‘humanities’ since it seeks discovery for the pure sake of truth, or charitably to alleviate man’s lot—­