MANUFACTURES settled early on the shores of the Baltic, 3.—­ Those who possess them first, lose them by imitation of others, 14.—­ India surpassed in them by England, 63.—­In ancient times, only, extended to luxuries for the great and simple necessaries for the poor, 73.—­Manufacturers less splendid than merchants, 143.—­The working men consume more animal food than the same rank of people in any other nation, 144.—­England considered as excelling all other nations for manufacturers =sic=, 200.—­The effects of the inventions of the steam engine and spinning machines, 203.—­Scarcely any thing sold to the American states, except our own manufactures, 204.—­Southern nations cannot rival northerly ones, 210.—­Manufactures, and agriculture, more conducive to wealth than commerce, are not the same thing, 209.

MEDITERRANEAN, its shores the first abodes of commerce, 3 and 4, 20.—­Lost its importance by the discovery of America, the magnet, and the passage to India by the Cape,

MERCHANTS less splendid than conquerors and planters, 143.—­Can have no rule of conduct in transactions but their own advantage, 181.

N.

NATIONS, none that ever submitted to pay tribute, ever flourished long, 40.—­Enriched by commerce, not so certain to decline as by conquests, 41.—­There =sic= situation with respect to wealth and power previous to the discovery of America, 49.—­Feeble nations have some advantage in knowing their weakness, 171.—­Exterior causes of their decline of less importance than interior ones, 184.—­Should consider which is the best object on which to employ their industry, 210, 211.—­Their comparative extent, revenues, and population, illustrated by an engraved chart, 213, 214.—­Nations of Europe, application of the present inquiry to them, 284.

NECESSITY consisting of a desire to supply wants, the cause of industry and wealth, 14.—­Necessity ceases its operation on the nation that is risen highest, 15, 16.—­Operated very powerfully on the Dutch, 47.—­Habit prolongs the action of it, 81.—­With young men that can, alone, produce industry, 84.—­Less and less on each generation as wealth increases, 85.  The consequences of this, 87.—­Its operation prolonged to a certain degree by taxation, 239.—­

NORTHERN countries most favourable to industry, 44.

NILE.  See Egypt.

P.

PALMYRA founded by Solomon, King of Israol =sic=, for the
purpose of trading with India,

PARIS burnt by the Danes soon after the death of Charlemagne. 
Prices of bread at, compared with those of London, 150.

PARISH-OFFICERS defend themselves against the public at the expense of the public, 122.—­Bad administrators, 123, 124.—­Rough, vulgar, and a disgrace to the country, 249.

PATENTS, laws of, its utility, 200, 201.

PETER the Great endeavoured to improve his country, and make his people happy, 118.