BUTCHERS meat.  See Animal Food.

C.

CAPE of Good Hope.  Its passage a new epoch in commercial history, 3.

CAPITAL, the result of past industry, 161.—­Commands trade, but supplies poor countries at the expense of richer ones, 181.—­Tends to leave a country when it becomes too abundant, 161, 162, 163.—­ Would leave England if the sinking fund were to operate long in time of peace, 242.

CARTHAGE, of wealthy places alone escaped the conquests of Alexander, 24.—­Mistake relative to its state, 32, 33.—­Its fall ruined the Roman manners, ib.—­Comparison between it and Rome unfair, 36, 37, 38.—­Was never so degraded as Rome, ib.

CASPIAN Sea, goods brought by that route from India, 56.

CHANGES, interior, take place by degrees, 89.—­Most rapid and observable amongst the Romans, 91.

CHARLEMAGNE, from the fall of the Roman empire till his time, nothing like wealth or power, 44.—­Paved the way for civilizing and enriching the north of Europe, 45.

CHARTS, description and explanation of, illustrating the rise and fall of nations, 78, 79, 80.—­Statistical explanation of, 190.—­Of commerce, exports and imports, 213.—­Of revenue and debts, 214.

CHILDREN.  See Education.

CHRISTIAN religion most favourable to industry, 263, 264, 265, 267.

COMMERCE, progress slow in feudal times, 3.—­Changed its abode when the magnet rendered navigating the ocean practicable, 4.—­ Commercial wealth degrades a nation less than wealth obtained by conquests, 33.—­Commercial spirit, its operation on national character, 37.—­Commerce with India, the only one in the ancient world, 51.—­ How carried on, 52.—­Its vicissitudes, the envy it created, quarrels and revolutions it occasioned, 53 to 59.—­Of Britain during the last fifteen years; the increase great, but not arising from any permanent cause, 193.—­Its dependence on credit, 201.

CONSTANTINOPLE shares in the trade of India, 56.—­Revolution occasioned partly by the contests about that commerce, 57.—­Sunk before the discovery of America, by the conquest of the eastern Empire by the Turks, 68.

CONSUMPTION of food regulates the population of a country, 140.—­ Its nature and tendency in northern nations, 141, 142, 143.—­Requires attention from government, 146.

CONQUEST first altered the natural state of the world, 2.—­Its first effect to lessen taxes, 35.—­Ultimately degrades a nation, ib.

CONDUCT in life.  See Education.

CORN, donations of at Rome, 35.—­State of crops in England, 145.—­ Impossibility, if it fell much short, to find ships to bring over the quantity wanted, ib.—­calculations concerning, 146 to 154.

CREDIT necessary to carry on trade extensively, 202, 203.

CRUSADES tended to extend civilization and commerce, 45.

CUSTOMS, the first great branch of public revenue, 106.