were necessary, and that he himself had given them by punishing with death; but his nation never whipped even children from their birth.  After this we continued with the wind from the northeast, and at the distance of twelve miles, encamped in a cove of the southern bank.  Immediately opposite our camp on the north side are the ruins of an ancient fortification, the greater part of which is washed into the river:  nor could we distinguish more than that the walls were eight or ten feet high.  The evening is wet and disagreeable, and the river which is somewhat wider than yesterday, continues to have an unusual quantity of timber.  The country was level on both sides in the morning, but afterwards we passed some black bluffs on the south.

Monday, 15th.  We stopped at three miles on the north a little above a camp of Ricaras who are hunting, where we were visited by about thirty Indians.  They came over in their skin canoes, bringing us meat, for which we returned them beads and fishhooks.  About a mile higher we found another encampment of Ricaras on the south, consisting of eight lodges:  here we again ate and exchanged a few presents.  As we went we discerned numbers of other Indians on both sides of the river; and at about nine miles we came to a creek on the south, where we saw many high hills resembling a house with a slanting roof; and a little below the creek an old village of the Sharha or Chayenne Indians.  The morning had been cloudy, but the evening became pleasant, the wind from the northeast, and at sunset we halted, after coming ten miles over several sandbars and points, above a camp of ten Ricara lodges on the north side.  We visited their camp, and smoked and eat with several of them; they all appeared kind and pleased with our attentions, and the fair sex received our men with more than hospitality.  York was here again an object of astonishment; the children would follow him constantly, and if he chanced to turn towards them, run with great terror.  The country of to-day is generally low and covered with timber on both sides, though in the morning we passed some barren hills on the south.

Tuesday, 16th.  At this camp the squaw who accompanied the chief left us; two others were very anxious to go on with us.  Just above our camp we passed a circular work or fort where the Sharha or Chayennes formerly lived:  and a short distance beyond, a creek which we called Chayenne creek.  At two miles is a willow island with a large sandbar on both sides above it, and a creek, both on the south, which we called Sohaweh, the Ricara name for girl; and two miles above a second creek, to which we gave the name of Chapawt, which means woman in the same language.  Three miles further is an island situated in a bend to the north, about a mile and a half long, and covered with cottonwood.  At the lower end of this island comes in a small creek from the north, called Keetooshsahawna or Place of Beaver.  At the upper extremity of