the horizontal one extends entirely through the whole work:  the stones too are proportioned to the thickness of the wall in which they are employed, being largest in the thickest walls.  The thinner walls are composed of a single depth of the paralleliped, while the thicker ones consist of two or more depths:  these walls pass the river at several places, rising from the water’s edge much above the sandstone bluffs which they seem to penetrate; thence they cross in a straight line on either side of the river, the plains over which they tower to the height of from ten to seventy feet, until they lose themselves in the second range of hills:  sometimes they run parallel in several ranges near to each other, sometimes intersect each other at right angles, and have the appearance of walls of ancient houses or gardens.

The face of some of these river hills, is composed of very excellent freestone of a light yellowish brown colour, and among the cliffs we found a species of pine which we had not yet seen, and differing from the Virginia pitchpine in having a shorter leaf, and a longer and more pointed cone.  The coal appears only in small quantities, as do the burnt earth and pumicestone:  the mineral salts have abated.  Among the animals are a great number of the bighorn, a few buffaloe and elk, and some mule-deer, but none of the common deer nor any antelopes.  We saw but could not procure a beautiful fox, of a colour varied with orange, yellow, white, and black, rather smaller than the common fox of this country, and about the same size as the red fox of the United States.

The river to-day has been from about one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty yards wide, with but little timber.  At the distance of two miles and a half from the last stone wall, is a stream on the north side, twenty-eight yards in width, and with some running water.  We encamped just above its mouth having made eighteen miles.

Saturday, June 1.  The weather was cloudy with a few drops of rain.  As we proceeded by the aid of our cord we found the river cliffs and bluffs not so high as yesterday, and the country more level.  The timber too is in greater abundance on the river, though there is no wood on the high ground; coal however appears in the bluffs.  The river is from two hundred to two hundred and fifty feet wide, the current more gentle, the water becoming still clearer and fewer rocky points and shoals than we met yesterday, though those which we did encounter were equally difficult to pass.  Game is by no means in such plenty as below; all that we obtained were one bighorn, and a mule-deer though we saw in the plains a quantity of buffaloe, particularly near a small lake about eight miles from the river to the south.  Notwithstanding the wind was ahead all day, we dragged the canoes along the distance of twenty-three miles.  At fourteen and a quarter miles, we came to a small island opposite a bend of the river to the north:  two