The translator gladly acknowledges his indebtedness to several of the English editors of the plays, notably to Lindsay, and to two or three English translators, for a number of phrases much more happily turned by them than by himself:  the difficulty of rendering verse into prose—­ if one is to remain as close as may be to the spirit and letter of the verse, and at the same time not disregard entirely the contributions made by the metre to gaiety and gravity of tone—­is sufficient to make him wish to mitigate his failure by whatever means.  He is also much indebted to Professors Charles Knapp, K.C.M.  Sills, and F.E.  Woodruff for many valuable suggestions.

  Brunswick, Me.,

    September, 1913.

[Footnote 15:  The Asinaria was adapted from the +Onagos+ of Demophilus; the Casina from the +Kle:roumenoi+, the Rudens from an unknown play, perhaps the +Pe:ra+, of Diphilus; the Stichus, in part, from the +Adelphoi a’+ of Menander.  Menander’s +Dis exapato:n+ was probably the source of the Bacchides, while the Aulularia and Cistellaria probably were adapted from other plays (titles unknown) by Menander.  The Mercator and Trinummus are adaptations of Philemon’s +Emporos+ and +The:sauros+, the Mostellaria very possibly is an adaptation of his +Phasma+, the Amphitruo, perhaps, an adaptation of his +Nyx makra+.]

[Footnote 16:  It seemed best to make no exceptions to this rule; even such a line as Bacchides 107 is therefore omitted.  Cf.  Lindsay, Classical Quarterly, 1913, pp. 1, 2, Havet, Classical Quarterly, 1913, pp. 120, 121.]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Principal Editions:
  Merula, Venice, 1472; the first edition. 
  Camerarius, Basel, 1552. 
  Lambinus, Paris, 1576; with a commentary. 
  Pareus, Frankfurt, 1619, 1623, and 1641. 
  Gronovius, Leyden, 1664-1684. 
  Bothe, Berlin, 1809-1811. 
  Ritschl, Bonn, 1848-1854; a most important edition; contains only
    nine plays. 
  Goetz, Loewe, and Schoell, Leipzig, 1871-1902; begun by Ritschl,
    as a revision and continuation of the previous edition. 
  Ussing, Copenhagen, 1875-1892; with a commentary. 
  Leo, Berlin, 1895-1896. 
  Lindsay, Oxford, 1904-1905. 
  Goetz and Schoell.  Leipzig, 1892-1904.

English Translations:
  Thornton, and others, London, second edition, 1769-1774; in blank
    verse. 
  Sugden, London, 1893; the first five plays, in the original metres.

General:
  Ritschl, Parerga, Leipzig, 1845; Neue plautinische
    Excurse, Leipzig, 1869. 
  Mueller, Plautinische Prosodie, Berlin, 1869. 
  Reinhardstoettner (Karl von), Spaetere Bearbeitungen
    plautinischer Lustspiele, Leipzig, 1886. 
  Langen, Beitraege zur Kritik und Erklaerung