To this one section of Englishmen will say “Never!” Students of history have many times heard the “Never” of English statesmen, and know how often it has proved futile.  Before I was born they were saying “Never” to Catholic Emancipation.  Later on they said “Never” to the demand for tenant-right.  A few years ago, when fighting the Boers, they said “Never” to the suggestion that the war should be ended on conditions.  Even now economic causes and the competition of rival powers are at work in such a way that it is plain that the existence of the British Empire is at stake.  England’s one chance lies in the possibility of the friendship of the free democratic commonwealths which are at present her colonies—­and of Ireland.

The establishing of County Councils in Ireland and Great Britain was an acceptance of the principle of Home Rule.  Their successful working has caused the belief in that principle to gain ground.  Their administration in Ireland has shown that in no part of the British empire does there exist a greater capacity for self-government.  All creeds and classes there have found the material benefit arising from them, for instead of their finances being managed by irresponsible boards, the money of the people is now wisely spent by their elected representatives.

Moreover, if there is one thing that is certain, it is that the future is on our side.  In my own time I have seen a most startling change come over the attitude of the working classes of England towards Ireland as they progressed in knowledge and political power themselves.  They are the certain rulers of England to-morrow, the men whose democratic ideals are our own, and who have in fact largely been trained by us.  Their rise means the fall of the system that has mis-governed Ireland.  Thus every day brings nearer the triumph of our ideal, the ideal of freedom, which will probably be worked out in the form of Ireland governing herself and working harmoniously with a democratic self-governing England.

The unquestionable growing desire among the people of Wales and Scotland to manage their own affairs proceeds largely from their having felt the benefits of local self-government in their County Councils.  Their prejudice against National self-government for Ireland, and for themselves, too, should they desire it, is rapidly breaking down.  In this connection, too, we must never forget what an enormous power we have in the two millions and more of Irishmen and men of Irish extraction in Great Britain, and that, under ordinary circumstances, they hold the balance of power between British parties in about 150 Parliamentary constituencies.

With regard to the Irish land question, we have every reason to be hopeful of the final and complete success of the great movement commenced by the organisation founded by Michael Davitt.