head-quarters to treat for terms.’  This was joyful intelligence!  First, an immediate, effectual, and honourable deliverance of Portugal was confidently expected:  secondly, the humiliation and captivity of a large French army, and just punishment, from the hands of the Portugueze government, of the most atrocious offenders in that army and among those who, having held civil offices under it, (especially if Portugueze) had, in contempt of all law, civil and military, notoriously abused the power which they had treasonably accepted:  thirdly, in this presumed surrender of the army, a diminution of the enemy’s military force was looked to, which, after the losses he had already sustained in Spain, would most sensibly weaken it:  and lastly, and far above this, there was an anticipation of a shock to his power, where that power is strongest, in the imaginations of men, which are sure to fall under the bondage of long-continued success.  The judicious part of the Nation fixed their attention chiefly on these results, and they had good cause to rejoice.  They also received with pleasure this additional proof (which indeed with the unthinking many, as after the victory of Maida, weighed too much,) of the superiority in courage and discipline of the British soldiery over the French, and of the certainty of success whenever our army was led on by men of even respectable military talents against any equal or not too greatly disproportionate number of the enemy.  But the pleasure was damped in the minds of reflecting persons by several causes.  It occasioned regret and perplexity, that they had not heard more of the Portugueze.  They knew what that People had suffered, and how they had risen;—­remembered the language of the proclamation addressed to them, dated August the 4th, and signed CHARLES COTTON and ARTHUR WELLESLEY, in which they (the Portugueze) were told, that ’The British Army had been sent in consequence of ardent supplications from all parts of Portugal; that the glorious struggle, in which they are engaged, is for all that is dear to man; that the noble struggle against the tyranny and usurpation of France will be jointly maintained by Portugal, Spain, and England.’  Why then, it was asked, do we not hear more of those who are at least coequals with us, if not principals, in this contest?  They appeared to have had little share in either engagement; (See Appendix A.) and, while the French were abundantly praised, no word of commendation was found for them.  Had they deserved to be thus neglected?  The body of the People by a general rising had proved their zeal and courage, their animosity towards their enemies, their hatred of them.  It was therefore apprehended, from this silence respecting the Portugueze, that their Chiefs might either be distracted by factions, or blinded by selfish interests, or that they mistrusted their Allies.  Situated as Portugal then was, it would argue gross ignorance of human nature to have expected that unanimity should