must be contemplated according to their due place and relation.  Nothing is done, or worse than nothing, unless something higher be taught, as higher, something more fundamental, as more fundamental.  In the moral virtues and qualities of passion which belong to a people, must the ultimate salvation of a people be sought for.  Moral qualities of a high order, and vehement passions, and virtuous as vehement, the Spaniards have already displayed; nor is it to be anticipated, that the conduct of their enemies will suffer the heat and glow to remit and languish.  These may be trusted to themselves, and to the provocations of the merciless Invader.  They must now be taught, that their strength chiefly lies in moral qualities, more silent in their operation, more permanent in their nature; in the virtues of perseverance, constancy, fortitude, and watchfulness, in a long memory and a quick feeling, to rise upon a favourable summons, a texture of life which, though cut through (as hath been feigned of the bodies of the Angels) unites again—­these are the virtues and qualities on which the Spanish People must be taught mainly to depend.  These it is not in the power of their Chiefs to create; but they may preserve and procure to them opportunities of unfolding themselves, by guarding the Nation against an intemperate reliance on other qualities and other modes of exertion, to which it could never have resorted in the degree in which it appears to have resorted to them without having been in contradiction to itself, paying at the same time an indirect homage to its enemy.  Yet, in hazarding this conditional censure, we are still inclined to believe, that, in spite of our deductions on the score of exaggeration, we have still given too easy credit to the accounts furnished by the enemy, of the rashness with which the Spaniards engaged in pitched battles, and of their dismay after defeat.  For the Spaniards have repeatedly proclaimed, and they have inwardly felt, that their strength was from their cause—­of course, that it was moral.  Why then should they abandon this, and endeavour to prevail by means in which their opponents are confessedly so much superior?  Moral strength is their’s; but physical power for the purposes of immediate or rapid destruction is on the side of their enemies.  This is to them no disgrace, but, as soon as they understand themselves, they will see that they are disgraced by mistrusting their appropriate stay, and throwing themselves upon a power which for them must be weak.  Nor will it then appear to them a sufficient excuse, that they were seduced into this by the splendid qualities of courage and enthusiasm, which, being the frequent companions, and, in given circumstances, the necessary agents of virtue, are too often themselves hailed as virtues by their own title.  But courage and enthusiasm have equally characterized the best and the worst beings, a Satan, equally with an ABDIEL—­a BONAPARTE equally