of this pretext, to apply to them that insolent language, which might, I think, have been more nobly repelled on a more comprehensive principle.  For thus are men of the gravest minds imposed upon by the presumptuous; and through these influences it comes, that the strength of a tyrant is in opinion—­not merely in the opinion of those who support him, but alas! even of those who willingly resist, and who would resist effectually, if it were not that their own understandings betray them, being already half enslaved by shews and forms.  The whole Spanish nation ought to be encouraged to deem themselves an army, embodied under the authority of their country and of human nature.  A military spirit should be there, and a military action, not confined like an ordinary river in one channel, but spreading like the Nile over the whole face of the land.  Is this possible?  I believe it is:  if there be minds among them worthy to lead, and if those leading minds cherish a civic spirit by all warrantable aids and appliances, and, above all other means, by combining a reverential memory of their elder ancestors with distinct hopes of solid advantage, from the privileges of freedom, for themselves and their posterity—­to which the history and the past state of Spain furnish such enviable facilities; and if they provide for the sustenance of this spirit, by organizing it in its primary sources, not timidly jealous of a people, whose toils and sacrifices have approved them worthy of all love and confidence, and whose failing of excess, if such there exist, is assuredly on the side of loyalty to their Sovereign, and predilection for all established institutions.  We affirm, then, that a universal military spirit may be produced; and not only this, but that a much more rare and more admirable phenomenon may be realized—­the civic and military spirit united in one people, and in enduring harmony with each other.  The people of Spain, with arms in their hands, are already in an elevated mood, to which they have been raised by the indignant passions, and the keen sense of insupportable wrong and insult from the enemy, and its infamous instruments.  But they must be taught, not to trust too exclusively to the violent passions, which have already done much of their peculiar task and service.  They must seek additional aid from affections, which less imperiously exclude all individual interests, while at the same time they consecrate them to the public good.—­But the enemy is in the heart of their Land!  We have not forgotten this.  We would encourage their military zeal, and all qualities especially military, by all rewards of honourable ambition, and by rank and dignity conferred on the truly worthy, whatever may be their birth or condition, the elevating influence of which would extend from the individual possessor to the class from which he may have sprung.  For the necessity of thus raising and upholding the military spirit, we plead:  but yet the professional excellencies of the soldier