it previously contained of good and great would soon
follow. Indefinite progress, undoubtedly, there
ought to be somewhere; but let that be in knowledge,
in science, in civilization, in the increase of the
numbers of the people, and in the augmentation of
their virtue and happiness. But progress in conquest
cannot be indefinite; and for that very reason, if
for no other, it cannot be a fit object for the exertions
of a people, I mean beyond certain limits, which,
of course, will vary with circumstances. My prayer,
as a patriot, is, that we may always have, somewhere
or other, enemies capable of resisting us, and keeping
us at arm’s length. Do I, then, object
that our arms shall be carried into every part of the
Continent? No: such is the present condition
of Europe, that I earnestly pray for what I deem would
be a mighty blessing. France has already destroyed,
in almost every part of the Continent, the detestable
governments with which the nations have been afflicted;
she has extinguished one sort of tyranny, but only
to substitute another. Thus, then, have the countries
of Europe been taught, that domestic oppression, if
not manfully and zealously repelled, must sooner or
later be succeeded by subjugation from without; they
have tasted the bitterness of both cups, have drunk
deeply of both. Their spirits are prepared for
resistance to the foreign tyrant, and with our help
I think they may shake him off, and, under our countenance,
and following (as far as they are capable) our example,
they may fashion to themselves, making use of what
is best in their own ancient laws and institutions,
new forms of government, which may secure posterity
from a repetition of such calamities as the present
age has brought forth. The materials of a new
balance of power exist in the language, and name, and
territory of Spain, in those of France, and those
of Italy, Germany, Russia, and the British Isles.
The smaller States must disappear, and merge in the
large nations and wide-spread languages. The
possibility of this remodelling of Europe I see clearly;
earnestly do I pray for it; and I have in my mind
a strong conviction that your invaluable work will
be a powerful instrument in preparing the way for
that happy issue. Yet, still, we must go deeper
than the nature of your labour requires you to penetrate.
Military policy merely will not perform all that is
needful, nor mere military virtues. If the Roman
State was saved from overthrow, by the attack of the
slaves and of the gladiators, through the excellence
of its armies, yet this was not without great difficulty;[22]
and Rome would have been destroyed by Carthage, had
she not been preserved by a civic fortitude in which
she surpassed all the nations of the earth. The
reception which the Senate gave to Terentius Varro,
after the battle of Cannae, is the sublimest event
in human history. What a contrast to the wretched
conduct of the Austrian government after the battle
at Wagram! England requires, as you have shown