Again:  in cases where judicial inquiries can be and are instituted, and are equitably conducted, this suspension of judgment, with respect to act or agent, is only supposed necessarily to exist in the Court itself; not in the witnesses, the plaintiffs or accusers, or in the minds even of the people who may be present.  If the contrary supposition were realized, how could the arraigned person ever have been brought into Court?  What would become of the indignation, the hope, the sorrow, or the sense of justice, by which the prosecutors, or the people of the country who pursued or apprehended the presumed criminal, or they who appear in evidence against him, are actuated?  If then this suspension of judgment, by a law of human nature and a requisite of society, is not supposed necessarily to exist—­except in the minds of the Court; if this be undeniable in cases where the eye and ear-witnesses are few;—­how much more so in a case like the present; where all, that constitutes the essence of the act, is avowed by the agents themselves, and lies bare to the notice of the whole world?—­Now it was in the character of complainants and denunciators, that the petitioners of the City of London appeared before his Majesty’s throne; and they have been reproached by his Majesty’s ministers under the cover of a sophism, which, if our anxiety to interpret favourably words sanctioned by the First Magistrate—­makes us unwilling to think it a deliberate artifice meant for the delusion of the people, must however (on the most charitable comment) be pronounced an evidence of no little heedlessness and self-delusion on the part of those who framed it.

To sum up the matter—­the right of petition (which, we have shewn as a general proposition, supposes a right to condemn, and is in itself an act of qualified condemnation) may in too many instances take the ground of absolute condemnation, both with respect to the crime and the criminal.  It was confined, in this case, to the crime; but, if the City of London had proceeded farther, they would have been justifiable; because the delinquents had set their hands to their own delinquency.  The petitioners, then, are not only clear of all blame; but are entitled to high praise:  and we have seen whither the doctrines lead, upon which they were condemned.—­And now, mark the discord which will ever be found in the actions of men, where there is no inward harmony of reason or virtue to regulate the outward conduct.

Those ministers, who advised their Sovereign to reprove the City of London for uttering prematurely, upon a measure, an opinion in which they were supported by the unanimous voice of the nation, had themselves before publickly prejudged the question by ordering that the tidings should be communicated with rejoicings.  One of their body has since attempted to wipe away this stigma by representing that these orders were given out of a just tenderness for the reputation of the generals, who would otherwise have appeared to