[Footnote 565:  The Hindus are well aware that the doctrine of Bhakti spread from the south to the north.  See the allegory quoted in J.R.A.S. 1911, p. 800.]

[Footnote 566:  Thus Ramanuja says (Sri Bhashya, II. 2. 43) that the Vedanta Sutras do not refute the Sankhya and Yoga but merely certain erroneous views as to Brahman not being the self.]

[Footnote 567:  It has been described as the earliest of the Vishnuite Churches and it would be so if we could be sure that the existence of the doctrine called Dvaitadvaita was equivalent to the existence of the sect.  But Bhandarkar has shown some reason for thinking that Nimbaditya lived after Ramanuja.  It must be admitted that the worship of Radha and the doctrine of self-surrender or prapatti, both found in the Dasasloki, are probably late.]

[Footnote 568:  See Grierson in E.R.E. vol.  II. p. 457.]

[Footnote 569:  The Church of the Nimavats is also called Sanakadi-sampradaya because it professes to derive its doctrine from Sanaka and his brethren who taught Narada, who taught Nimbarka.  At least one sub-sect founded by Harivamsa (born 1559) adopts a doctrine analogous to Saktism and worships Radha as the manifestation of Krishna’s energy.]

[Footnote 570:  Called the Dasasloki.  It is translated in Bhandarkar’s Vaishn and Saivism, pp. 63-5.]

[Footnote 571:  Also spelt Alvar and Azhvar.  The Tamil pronunciation of this difficult letter varies in different districts.  The word apparently means one who is drowned or immersed in the divine love.  Cf. Azhi, the deep sea; Azhal, being deep or being immersed.]

[Footnote 572:  An educated Vaishnava told me at Srirangam that devas and saints receive the same homage.]

[Footnote 573:  It is possible that the poems attributed to Namm’arvar and other saints are really later compositions.  See Epig.  Ind. vol.  VIII. p. 294.]

[Footnote 574:  XI. 5. 38-40.]

[Footnote 575:  Bhandarkar (Vaishn. and Saivism, p. 50) thinks it probable that Kulasekhara, one of the middle Arvars, lived about 1130.  But the argument is not conclusive and it seems to me improbable that he lived after Nathamuni.]

[Footnote 576:  The first called Mudal-Ayiram consists of nine hymns ascribed to various saints such as Periyarvar and Andal.  The second and third each consist of a single work the Periya-tiru-mori and the Tiru-vay-mori ascribed to Tiru-mangai and Namm’arvar respectively.  The fourth part or Iyar-pa is like the first a miscellany containing further compositions by these two as well as by others.]

[Footnote 577:  Nityanusandhanam series:  edited with Telugu paraphrase and English translation by M.B.  Srinivasa Aiyangar, Madras, 1898.]

[Footnote 578:  The best known is the Guru-parampara-prabhavam of Brahmatantra-svatantra-swami.  For an English account of these doctors see T. Rajagopala Chariar, The Vaishnavite Reformers of India, Madras, 1909.]