[Footnote 453:  Rajagopala Chariar (Vaishnavite Reformers, p. 4) says that in Vishnu temples two rituals are used called Pancaratra and Vaikhanasa.  The latter is apparently consistent with Smarta usage whereas the Pancaratra is not.  From Gopinatha Rao’s Elements of Hindu Iconography, pp. 56, 77, 78 it appears that there is a Vaikhanasagama parallel to the Pancaratragama.  It is frequently quoted by this author, though as yet unpublished.  It seems to be the ritual of those Bhagavatas who worship both Siva and Vishnu.  It is said to exist in two recensions, prose and metrical, of which the former is perhaps the oldest of the Vaishnava Agamas.  The Vaikhanasa ritual was once followed at Srirangam but Ramanuja substituted the Pancaratra for it.]

[Footnote 454:  Avalon, Principles of Tantra, p. xxvii describes it as “that development of the Vaidika Karmakanda which under the name of the Tantra Shastra is the scripture of the Kali age.”  This seems to me a correct statement of the tantric theory.]

[Footnote 455:  Thus the Gautamiya Tantra which is held in high estimation by Vishnuite householders in Bengal, though not by ascetics, is a complete application of Sakta worship to the cult of Krishna.  The Varahi Tantra is also Vishnuite.  See Raj.  Mitra, Sanskrit MSS. of Bikaner, p. 583 and Notices of Sk.  MSS.  III. (1876), p. 99, and I. cclxxxvii.  See too the usages of the Nambuthiri Brahmans as described in Cochin Tribes and Castes, II. pp. 229-233.  In many ways the Nambuthiris preserve the ancient Vedic practices.]

[Footnote 456:  See Grierson’s articles Gleanings from the Bhaktamala in J.R.A.S. 1909-1910.]

[Footnote 457:  E.g. Markandeya, Vamana and Varaha.  Also the Skanda Upanishad.]

[Footnote 458:  Mahabh.  Vanaparvan, 11001 ff.  The Bhagavata Purana, Book IV. sec. 2-7 emphasizes more clearly the objections of the Rishis to Siva as an enemy of Vedic sacrifices and a patron of unhallowed rites.]

[Footnote 459:  Mahabh.  XII. sec. 283.  In the same way the worship of Dionysus was once a novelty in Greece and not countenanced by the more conservative and respectable party.  See Eur.  Bacchae, 45.  The Varaha-Purana relates that the Sivaite scriptures were revealed for the benefit of certain Brahmans whose sins had rendered them incapable of performing Vedic rites.  There is probably some truth in this legend in so far as it means that Brahmans who were excommunicated for some fault were disposed to become the ministers of non-Vedic cults.]

[Footnote 460:  Mahabh.  II. secs. 16, 22 ff.]

[Footnote 461:  Drona-p., 2862 ff.  Anusasana-p., 590 ff.]

[Footnote 462:  E.g. Anusasana P., 6806 ff.]

[Footnote 463:  E.g. the Ahirbudhnya Samhita and Adhyatma Ramayana.]

[Footnote 464:  Santipar. cccxxxvii, 12711 ff.  In the Bhagavad-gita Krishna says that he is Vasudeva of the Vrishnis, XI. 37.]